<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2021-28-2-104-119</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-2426</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Красный плоский лишай. Современные методы терапии: систематический обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lichen planus ruber, current therapy: a systematic review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-4604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тлиш</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tlish</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тлиш Марина Моссовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой дерматовенерологии</p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, г. Краснодар, 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina M. Tlish — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Dermatovenerology</p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tlish_mm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6764-0796</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осмоловская</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osmolovskaya</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Осмоловская Полина Сергеевна — ассистент кафедры дерматовенерологии</p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, г. Краснодар, 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Polina S. Osmolovskaya — Research Assistant, Chair of Dermatovenerology</p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">polina_osmolovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>104</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тлиш М.М., Осмоловская П.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тлиш М.М., Осмоловская П.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tlish M.M., Osmolovskaya P.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2426">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2426</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Красный плоский лишай — распространенное воспалительное заболевание кожи и слизистых оболочек, характеризующееся хроническим рецидивирующим течением, резистентностью к традиционной терапии, полиморфизмом клинических проявлений и возможностью опухолевой трансформации. Дерматоз часто протекает на фоне различных патологий желудочно-кишечного тракта, сердечно-сосудистой системы, эндокринопатий. У женщин встречается чаще, чем у мужчин (в соотношении 1,4:1). Продолжительность заболевания варьирует от 5 до 40 лет.</p><p>Цель обзора — проанализировать эффективность и безопасность современных вариантов терапии красного плоского лишая.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Поиск исследовательских работ по лечению данного дерматоза осуществлялся с помощью следующих баз данных: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, elibrary.ru, Scopus для выявления рандомизированных контролируемых исследований, выполненных в период с 2014 по 2020 год, а также в обзор включены отдельные значимые публикации за период с 1991 по 2012 год. Были использованы следующие ключевые слова: англоязычные — «lichen planus», «systemic and local drugs», «phototherapy», «physiotherapeutic methods of treatment»; русскоязычные — «красный плоский лишай», «системные и местные препараты», «фототерапия», «физиотерапевтические методы лечения». Особое внимание уделялось статьям, опубликованным в рецензируемых научных изданиях. Методы исследования, использованные в процессе анализа: контент-анализ и описательно-аналитический.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Терапия красного плоского лишая является комплексной и включает в себя широкий спектр терапевтических методик, большинство из которых обладает иммуномодулирующим действием, но эффективность и безопасность многих из них еще не доказаны. Часть работ имеют небольшой размер выборки. В данной статье представлено описание возможных фармакологических и физиотерапевтических методов лечения красного плоского лишая, их применение в зависимости от клинической формы дерматоза, его распространенности, выраженности субъективных ощущений, особенностей психоэмоционального статуса пациента и сопутствующей патологии. Описаны механизмы действия, клиническая эффективность, способы применения, нежелательные явления существующих вариантов терапии, назначение части которых в настоящее время остается весьма спорным.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Необходим дальнейший поиск хорошо спланированных исследований, которые будут отвечать всем требованиям эффективности, безопасности и обеспечивать продолжительную ремиссию при лечении красного плоского лишая.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Lichen planus ruber is a common inflammatory disease of skin and mucous membranes with a chronic relapsing course, resistance to conventional therapy, diverse clinical manifestations and capacity of tumourisation. Dermatosis is often comorbid with various underlying gastrointestinal, cardiovascular illnesses and endocrinopathies. Women are more impacted than men (ratio 1.4:1), the disease lasts from 5 to 40 years.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. Assessment of the efficacy and safety of current therapies for lichen planus ruber.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, eLibrary and Scopus databases were mined for randomised controlled studies on treatment of this dermatosis in the period of 2014–2020, and selected impactive publications within 1991–2012 were also included in the review. The following keywords were used: lichen planus [красный плоский лишай], systemic and local drugs [системные и местные препараты], phototherapy [фототерапия], physiotherapeutic methods of treatment [физиотерапевтические методы лечения]. Publications in peer-reviewed journals had priority. Content and descriptive analyses were used as research tools.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Therapy for lichen planus ruber is multicomponent including a wide range of techniques, mostly immune-stimulating but often unproved for efficacy and safety. Selected studies are small-sample. The review presents feasible drug-based and physiotherapeutic methods to tackle lichen planus ruber, their application by the disease clinical presentation and prevalence, patient’s personal discomfort, psycho-emotional status and comorbidity. We describe the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, application types and noxious side effects in practiced albeit sometimes contentious therapies.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Further well-designed research is warranted to aim at enhanced efficacy, safety and long-term remission in therapy for lichen planus ruber.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>красный плоский лишай</kwd><kwd>системные и местные препараты</kwd><kwd>фототерапия</kwd><kwd>физиотерапевтические методы лечения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lichen planus ruber</kwd><kwd>systemic and topical agents</kwd><kwd>phototherapy</kwd><kwd>physiotherapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ioannides D., Vakirlis E., Kemeny L., Marinovic B., Massone C., Murphy R., Nast A., Ronnevig J., Ruzicka T., Cooper S.M., Trüeb R.M., Pujol Vallverdú R.M., Wolf R., Neumann M. European S1 guidelines on the management of lichen planus: a cooperation of the European Dermatology Forum with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2020; 34(7): 1403–1414. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16464</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ioannides D., Vakirlis E., Kemeny L., Marinovic B., Massone C., Murphy R., Nast A., Ronnevig J., Ruzicka T., Cooper S.M., Trüeb R.M., Pujol Vallverdú R.M., Wolf R., Neumann M. European S1 guidelines on the management of lichen planus: a cooperation of the European Dermatology Forum with the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2020; 34(7): 1403–1414. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16464</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giuliani M., Troiano G., Cordaro M., Corsalini M., Gioco G., Lo Muzio L., Pignatelli P., Lajolo C. Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A systematic review. Oral. Dis. 2019; 25(3): 693–709. DOI: 10.1111/odi.12885</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giuliani M., Troiano G., Cordaro M., Corsalini M., Gioco G., Lo Muzio L., Pignatelli P., Lajolo C. Rate of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus: A systematic review. Oral. Dis. 2019; 25(3): 693–709. DOI: 10.1111/odi.12885</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan G., Mei L., Polonowita A., Hussaini H., Seo B., Rich A.M. Malignant transformation in oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions: a 14-year longitudinal retrospective cohort study of 829 patients in New Zealand. Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol. 2020; 130(4): 411–418. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.07.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan G., Mei L., Polonowita A., Hussaini H., Seo B., Rich A.M. Malignant transformation in oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions: a 14-year longitudinal retrospective cohort study of 829 patients in New Zealand. Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol. Oral. Radiol. 2020; 130(4): 411–418. DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.07.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hwang E.C., Choi S.-Y., Kim J.H. Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and related genetic factors. International Journal of Oral Biology. 2020; 45(1): 1–7. DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2020.45.1.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hwang E.C., Choi S.-Y., Kim J.H. Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus and related genetic factors. International Journal of Oral Biology. 2020; 45(1): 1–7. DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2020.45.1.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Седова Л.А., Перламутров Ю.Н., Терещенко А.В., Ольховская К.Б. Оптимизация терапии эрозивно-язвенной формы красного плоского лишая слизистой оболочки полости рта. Вестник дерматологии и венерологии. 2012; 6: 56–59. DOI: 10.25208/vdv755</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedova L.A., Perlamutrov Yu.N., Tereshchenko A.V., Ol’hovskaya K.B. Optimization of therapy for erosive and ulcerative lichen planus of the oral mucosa. Bulletin of Dermatology and Venereology. 2012; 6: 56–59 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.25208/vdv755</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дороженок И.Ю., Снарская Е.С., Шенберг В.Г. Красный плоский лишай и ассоциированные психосоматические расстройства. Вестник дерматологии и венерологии. 2016; 92(4): 27–32. DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2016-92-4-27-32</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorozhenok I.Yu., Snarskaya E.S., Shenberg V.G. Lichen planus and associated psychosomatic disorders. Vestnik Dermatologii i Venerologii. 2016; 92(4): 27–32 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.25208/0042-4609-2016-92-4-27-32</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молочкова Ю.В., Молочков В.А., Гринева Н.К. Частота и особенности различных форм красного плоского лишая в Московской области. Альманах клинической медицины. 2018; 46(1): 82–87. DOI: 10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-1-82-87</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molochkova Yu.V., Molochkov V.A., Grineva N.K. Prevalence and characteristics of various types of lichen planus in the Moscow Region. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2018; 46(1): 82–87 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.18786/2072-0505-2018-46-1-82-87</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захур И.И., Кошкин С.В., Зайцева Г.А. Клинический случай красного плоского лишая. Вятский медицинский вестник. 2019; 4(64): 100–104. DOI: 10.24411/2220-7880-2019-10046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakhur I.I., Koshkin S.V., Zaitseva G.А. Clinical case of lichen planus. Medical Newsletter of Vyatka. 2019; 4(64): 100–104 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.24411/2220-7880-2019-10046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анисимова И.В., Симонян Л.А. Частота сочетания красного плоского лишая с соматической патологией и местными неблагоприятными факторами полости рта. Проблемы стоматологии. 2019; 15(1): 16–22. DOI: 10.18481/2077-7566-2018-15-1-16-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anisimova I.V., Simonyan L.A. The frequency of combination of oral lichen planus with somatic pathology and local unfavorable factors of the oral cavity. Actual Problems in Dentistry. 2019; 15(1): 16–22 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.18481/2077-7566-2018-15-1-16-22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sachan S., Chaudhary S.S., Prateek K., Jose M. A prospective study comparing therapeutic efficacy and safety of oral methotrexate and oral prednisone in the treatment of generalized cutaneous lichen planus. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS). 2017; 16(5): 143–147. DOI: 10.9790/0853-160502143147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sachan S., Chaudhary S.S., Prateek K., Jose M. A prospective study comparing therapeutic efficacy and safety of oral methotrexate and oral prednisone in the treatment of generalized cutaneous lichen planus. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS). 2017; 16(5): 143–147. DOI: 10.9790/0853-160502143147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">More Y., Khatu S., Chavan D., Mahajan P., Pawar S., Gokhale N. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of low-dose methotrexate as an alternative treatment option to systemic corticosteroids in generalized lichen planus. Medical Journal of Dr DY Patil University. 2017; 10(2): 149. DOI: 10.4103/0975-2870.202094</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">More Y., Khatu S., Chavan D., Mahajan P., Pawar S., Gokhale N. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of low-dose methotrexate as an alternative treatment option to systemic corticosteroids in generalized lichen planus. Medical Journal of Dr DY Patil University. 2017; 10(2): 149. DOI: 10.4103/0975-2870.202094</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee Y.C., Lee J.S., Jung A.R., Park J.M., Eun Y.G. Factors affecting the result of intralesional corticosteroid injection in patients with oral lichen planus. Clin. Exp. Otorhinolaryngol. 2018; 11(3): 205–209. DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2017.01319</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee Y.C., Lee J.S., Jung A.R., Park J.M., Eun Y.G. Factors affecting the result of intralesional corticosteroid injection in patients with oral lichen planus. Clin. Exp. Otorhinolaryngol. 2018; 11(3): 205–209. DOI: 10.21053/ceo.2017.01319</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eyler, J.Т., Garib, G., Thompson, K.R., Dahiya, М., Swan, J.W. Annular atrophic lichen planus responds to hydroxychloroquine and acitretin. Cutis. 2017; 100(2): 119–122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eyler, J.Т., Garib, G., Thompson, K.R., Dahiya, М., Swan, J.W. Annular atrophic lichen planus responds to hydroxychloroquine and acitretin. Cutis. 2017; 100(2): 119–122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akram Z., Javed F., Hosein M., Al-Qahtani M.A., Alshehri F., Alzahrani A.I., Vohra F. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus: a systematic review. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2018; 34(3): 167–174. DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12371</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akram Z., Javed F., Hosein M., Al-Qahtani M.A., Alshehri F., Alzahrani A.I., Vohra F. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus: a systematic review. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2018; 34(3): 167–174. DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12371</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laurberg G., Geiger J.M., Hjorth N., Holm P., Hou-Jensen K., Jacobsen K.U., Nielsen A.O., Pichard J., Serup J., Sparre-Jorgensen A., Sorensen D., Thestrup-Pedersen K., Thomsen K., Unna P., Urup J. Treatment of lichen planus with acitretin. A double–blind, placebo–controlled study in 65 patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1991; 24(3): 434–437. DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70067-c</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laurberg G., Geiger J.M., Hjorth N., Holm P., Hou-Jensen K., Jacobsen K.U., Nielsen A.O., Pichard J., Serup J., Sparre-Jorgensen A., et al. Treatment of lichen planus with acitretin. A double–blind, placebo–controlled study in 65 patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 1991; 24(3): 434–437. DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(91)70067-c</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atzmony L., Reiter O., Hodak E., Gdalevich M., Mimouni D. Treatments for cutaneous lichen planus: a systematic review and meta–analysis. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2016; 17(1): 11–22. DOI: 10.1007/s40257-015-0160-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atzmony L., Reiter O., Hodak E., Gdalevich M., Mimouni D. Treatments for cutaneous lichen planus: a systematic review and meta–analysis. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol. 2016; 17(1): 11–22. DOI: 10.1007/s40257-015-0160-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alamri A., Alsenaid A., Ruzicka T., Wolf R. Hypertrophic lichen planus — successful treatment with acitretin. Dermatol. Ther. 2016; 29(3): 173–176. DOI: 10.1111/dth.12337</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alamri A., Alsenaid A., Ruzicka T., Wolf R. Hypertrophic lichen planus — successful treatment with acitretin. Dermatol. Ther. 2016; 29(3): 173–176. DOI: 10.1111/dth.12337</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rallis E., Liakopoulou A., Christodoulopoulos C., Katoulis A. Successful treatment of bullous lichen planus with acitretin monotherapy. Review of treatment options for bullous lichen planus and case report. J. Dermatol. Case. Rep. 2016; 10(4): 62–64. DOI: 10.3315/jdcr.2016.1235</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rallis E., Liakopoulou A., Christodoulopoulos C., Katoulis A. Successful treatment of bullous lichen planus with acitretin monotherapy. Review of treatment options for bullous lichen planus and case report. J. Dermatol. Case. Rep. 2016; 10(4): 62–64. DOI: 10.3315/jdcr.2016.1235</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deshpande A. Successful use of oral acitretin in oral lichen planus. Indian Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 2017; 3(1): 24. DOI: 10.4103/ijdd.ijdd_9_17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deshpande A. Successful use of oral acitretin in oral lichen planus. Indian Journal of Drugs in Dermatology. 2017; 3(1): 24. DOI: 10.4103/ijdd.ijdd_9_17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poon F., De Cruz R., Hall A. Acitretin in erosive penile lichen planus. Australas J. Dermatol. 2017; 58(3): e87–e90. DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poon F., De Cruz R., Hall A. Acitretin in erosive penile lichen planus. Australas J. Dermatol. 2017; 58(3): e87–e90. DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guenther L.C., Kunynetz R., Lynde C.W., Sibbald R.G., Toole J., Vender R., Zip C. Acitretin use in dermatology. J. Cutan. Med. Surg. 2017; 21(3_suppl): 2S–12S. DOI: 10.1177/1203475417733414</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guenther L.C., Kunynetz R., Lynde C.W., Sibbald R.G., Toole J., Vender R., Zip C. Acitretin use in dermatology. J. Cutan. Med. Surg. 2017; 21(3_suppl): 2S–12S. DOI: 10.1177/1203475417733414</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muthu S.K., Narang T., Saikia U.N., Kanwar A.J., Parsad D., Dogra S. Low-dose oral isotretinoin therapy in lichen planus pigmentosus: an open-label non-randomized prospective pilot study. Int. J. Dermatol. 2016; 55(9):1048–1054. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13293</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muthu S.K., Narang T., Saikia U.N., Kanwar A.J., Parsad D., Dogra S. Low-dose oral isotretinoin therapy in lichen planus pigmentosus: an open-label non-randomized prospective pilot study. Int. J. Dermatol. 2016; 55(9):1048–1054. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13293</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah P., Ugonabo N., Liebman T.N. A case of recalcitrant lichen planus pigmentosus treated by oral isotretinoin. JAAD Case Rep. 2020; 6(9): 812–814. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.06.037</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah P., Ugonabo N., Liebman T.N. A case of recalcitrant lichen planus pigmentosus treated by oral isotretinoin. JAAD Case Rep. 2020; 6(9): 812–814. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.06.037</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakhtiar R., Noor S.M., Paracha M.M. Effectiveness of oral methotrexate therapy versus systemic corticosteroid therapy in treatment of generalised lichen planus. J. Coll. Physicians. Surg. Pak. 2018; 28(7): 505–508. DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2018.07.505</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhtiar R., Noor S.M., Paracha M.M. Effectiveness of oral methotrexate therapy versus systemic corticosteroid therapy in treatment of generalised lichen planus. J. Coll. Physicians. Surg. Pak. 2018; 28(7): 505–508. DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2018.07.505</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Covington M., Roman C., Abdulla F.R. Methotrexate as a treatment of palmoplantar lichen planus. Cutis. 2020; 106(2): E5–E7. DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Covington M., Roman C., Abdulla F.R. Methotrexate as a treatment of palmoplantar lichen planus. Cutis. 2020; 106(2): E5–E7. DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chopra A., Mittal R.R., Kaur B. Dapsone versus corticosteroids in lichen planus. Indian J. Dermatol Venereol. Leprol. 1999; 65(2): 66–68.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chopra A., Mittal R.R., Kaur B. Dapsone versus corticosteroids in lichen planus. Indian J. Dermatol Venereol. Leprol. 1999; 65(2): 66–68.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh A.R., Rai A., Aftab M., Jain S., Singh M. Efficacy of steroidal vs non-steroidal agents in oral lichen planus: a randomised, open-label study. J. Laryngol. Otol. 2017; 131(1): 69–76. DOI: 10.1017/S0022215116009658</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh A.R., Rai A., Aftab M., Jain S., Singh M. Efficacy of steroidal vs non-steroidal agents in oral lichen planus: a randomised, open-label study. J. Laryngol. Otol. 2017; 131(1): 69–76. DOI: 10.1017/S0022215116009658</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Verma P., Pandhi D. Topical tacrolimus and oral dapsone combination regimen in lichen planus pigmentosus. Skinmed. 2015; 13(5): 351–354.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Verma P., Pandhi D. Topical tacrolimus and oral dapsone combination regimen in lichen planus pigmentosus. Skinmed. 2015; 13(5): 351–354.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bauzá A., España A., Gil P., Lloret P., Vázquez Doval F.J. Successful treatment of lichen planus with sulfasalazine in 20 patients. Int. J. Dermatol. 2005; 44(2): 158–162. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02070.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bauzá A., España A., Gil P., Lloret P., Vázquez Doval F.J. Successful treatment of lichen planus with sulfasalazine in 20 patients. Int. J. Dermatol. 2005; 44(2): 158–162. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2005.02070.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeong S.H., Na H.S., Park S.H., Ahn Y.W., Chung J. Topical sulfasalazine for unresponsive oral lichen planus. Quintessence Int. 2016; 47(4): 319–327. DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a34974</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeong S.H., Na H.S., Park S.H., Ahn Y.W., Chung J. Topical sulfasalazine for unresponsive oral lichen planus. Quintessence Int. 2016; 47(4): 319–327. DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.a34974</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Errichetti E., Figini M., Croatto M., Stinco G. Therapeutic management of classic lichen planopilaris: a systematic review. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 2018; 11: 91–102. DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S137870</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Errichetti E., Figini M., Croatto M., Stinco G. Therapeutic management of classic lichen planopilaris: a systematic review. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 2018; 11: 91–102. DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S137870</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsai Y.C., Tsai T.F. Itraconazole in the Treatment of Nonfungal Cutaneous Diseases: A Review. Dermatol. Ther. (Heidelb). 2019; 9(2): 271–280. DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0299-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsai Y.C., Tsai T.F. Itraconazole in the Treatment of Nonfungal Cutaneous Diseases: A Review. Dermatol. Ther. (Heidelb). 2019; 9(2): 271–280. DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0299-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Büyük A.Y., Kavala M. Oral metronidazole treatment of lichen planus. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2000; 43(2 Pt 1): 260–262. DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2000.104683</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Büyük A.Y., Kavala M. Oral metronidazole treatment of lichen planus. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2000; 43(2 Pt 1): 260–262. DOI: 10.1067/mjd.2000.104683</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guo L.N., Shin J.J., Schulte S., Merola J.F. Severe recalcitrant otic lichen planus treated with mycophenolate mofetil. JAAD Case Rep. 2020; 8: 1–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.11.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guo L.N., Shin J.J., Schulte S., Merola J.F. Severe recalcitrant otic lichen planus treated with mycophenolate mofetil. JAAD Case Rep. 2020; 8: 1–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.11.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Samiee N., Taghavi Zenuz A., Mehdipour M., Shokri J. Treatment of oral lichen planus with mucoadhesive mycophenolate mofetil patch: A randomized clinical trial. Clin. Exp. Dent. Res. 2020; 6(5): 506–511. DOI: 10.1002/cre2.302</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samiee N., Taghavi Zenuz A., Mehdipour M., Shokri J. Treatment of oral lichen planus with mucoadhesive mycophenolate mofetil patch: A randomized clinical trial. Clin. Exp. Dent. Res. 2020; 6(5): 506–511. DOI: 10.1002/cre2.302</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riahi R.R., Cohen P.R. Hypertrophic Lichen Planus Mimicking Verrucous Lupus Erythematosus. Cureus. 2018; 10(11): e3555. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3555</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riahi R.R., Cohen P.R. Hypertrophic Lichen Planus Mimicking Verrucous Lupus Erythematosus. Cureus. 2018; 10(11): e3555. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3555</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Масюкова, С. А., Землякова, С. С., Ильина, И. В., Гладько, В. В. Современные подходы к лечению красного плоского лишая. Health, Food &amp; Biotechnology. 2019; 1(2): 17–40. DOI: 10.36107/hfb.2019.i2.s162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masyukova, S.A., Zemlyakova, S.S., Ilyina, I.V., Gladko, V.V. Modern approaches to the treatment of lichen planus. Health, Food &amp; Biotechnology. 2019; 1(2): 17–40 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.36107/hfb.2019.i2.s162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solimani F., Pollmann R., Schmidt T., Schmidt A., Zheng X., Savai R., Mühlenbein S., Pickert J., Eubel V., Möbs C., Eming R., Hertl M. Therapeutic Targeting of Th17/Tc17 Cells Leads to Clinical Improvement of Lichen Planus. Front. Immunol. 2019; 10: 1808. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solimani F., Pollmann R., Schmidt T., Schmidt A., Zheng X., Savai R., Mühlenbein S., Pickert J., Eubel V., Möbs C., Eming R., Hertl M. Therapeutic Targeting of Th17/Tc17 Cells Leads to Clinical Improvement of Lichen Planus. Front. Immunol. 2019; 10: 1808. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niebel D., Wilsmann-Theis D., Wenzel J. Successful treatment of psoriatic arthritis and comorbid annular atrophic lichen planus with etanercept. J. Dermatol. 2020; 47(4): 397–401. DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niebel D., Wilsmann-Theis D., Wenzel J. Successful treatment of psoriatic arthritis and comorbid annular atrophic lichen planus with etanercept. J. Dermatol. 2020; 47(4): 397–401. DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15222</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kunz M., Urosevic-Maiwald M., Goldinger S.M., Frauchiger A.L., Dreier J., Belloni B., Mangana J., Jenni D., Dippel M., Cozzio A., Guenova E., Kamarachev J., French L.E., Dummer R. Efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin in severe oral lichen planus-results of a prospective pilot study. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2016; 30(2): 293–298. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13444</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kunz M., Urosevic-Maiwald M., Goldinger S.M., Frauchiger A.L., Dreier J., Belloni B., Mangana J., Jenni D., Dippel M., Cozzio A., Guenova E., Kamarachev J., French L.E., Dummer R. Efficacy and safety of oral alitretinoin in severe oral lichen planus-results of a prospective pilot study. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 2016; 30(2): 293–298. DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13444</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alsenaid A., Eder I., Ruzicka T., Braun-Falco M., Wolf R. Successful treatment of nail lichen planus with alitretinoin: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Dermatology. 2014; 229(4): 293–296. DOI: 10.1159/000365655</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alsenaid A., Eder I., Ruzicka T., Braun-Falco M., Wolf R. Successful treatment of nail lichen planus with alitretinoin: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Dermatology. 2014; 229(4): 293–296. DOI: 10.1159/000365655</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rai R., Kaur I., Kumar B. Low-dose low-molecular-weight heparin in lichen planus. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2002; 46: 141–143. DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.115798</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rai R., Kaur I., Kumar B. Low-dose low-molecular-weight heparin in lichen planus. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 2002; 46: 141–143. DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.115798</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Орехова Л.Ю., Осипова М.В., Ладыко А.А. Модель развития, профилактики и лечения красного плоского лишая слизистой оболочки полости рта. Часть II. Пародонтология. 2019; 24(1): 57–62. DOI: 10.25636/PMP.1.2019.1.10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orekhova L.Yu., Osipova M.V., Ladyko А.А. Model of development, prevention and treatment of oral lichen planus. Part II. Parodontologiya. 2019; 24(1): 57–62 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.25636/PMP.1.2019.1.10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malakar S., Saha A. Successful Treatment of Resistant Lichen Planus Pemphigoides with Cyclosporine: A New Hope. Indian J. Dermatol. 2016; 61(1): 112–114. DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.174067</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malakar S., Saha A. Successful Treatment of Resistant Lichen Planus Pemphigoides with Cyclosporine: A New Hope. Indian J. Dermatol. 2016; 61(1): 112–114. DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.174067</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hübner F., Langan E.A., Recke A. Lichen Planus Pemphigoides: From Lichenoid Inflammation to Autoantibody-Mediated Blistering. Front. Immunol. 2019; 10: 1389. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01389</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hübner F., Langan E.A., Recke A. Lichen Planus Pemphigoides: From Lichenoid Inflammation to Autoantibody-Mediated Blistering. Front. Immunol. 2019; 10: 1389. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01389</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piñas L., García-García A., Pérez-Sayáns M., Suárez-Fernández R., Alkhraisat M.H., Anitua E. The use of topical corticosteroides in the treatment of oral lichen planus in Spain: A national survey. Med. Oral. Patol. Oral. Cir. Bucal. 2017; 22(3): e264–e269. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21435</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piñas L., García-García A., Pérez-Sayáns M., Suárez-Fernández R., Alkhraisat M.H., Anitua E. The use of topical corticosteroides in the treatment of oral lichen planus in Spain: A national survey. Med. Oral. Patol. Oral. Cir. Bucal. 2017; 22(3): e264–e269. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.21435</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramadas A.A., Jose R., Arathy S.L., Kurup S., Chandy M.L., Kumar S.P. Systemic absorption of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide as topical application in management of oral lichen planus. Indian J. Dent. Res. 2016; 27(3): 230–235. DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.186237</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramadas A.A., Jose R., Arathy S.L., Kurup S., Chandy M.L., Kumar S.P. Systemic absorption of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide as topical application in management of oral lichen planus. Indian J. Dent. Res. 2016; 27(3): 230–235. DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.186237</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suresh S.S., Chokshi K., Desai S., Malu R., Chokshi A. Medical Management of Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2016; 10(2): ZE10–ZE15. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16715.7225</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suresh S.S., Chokshi K., Desai S., Malu R., Chokshi A. Medical Management of Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2016; 10(2): ZE10–ZE15. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/16715.7225</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iqbal M.A., Yesmin S., Maaisha F., Ibrahim S., Gotame P. Oral lichen planus and its recent management: A review. Update Dental College Journal. 2020; 10(2): 29–34. DOI: 10.3329/updcj.v10i2.50179</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iqbal M.A., Yesmin S., Maaisha F., Ibrahim S., Gotame P. Oral lichen planus and its recent management: A review. Update Dental College Journal. 2020; 10(2): 29–34. DOI: 10.3329/updcj.v10i2.50179</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DE Paola M., DE Piano E., Pisani C., Mallarini M., Bilenchi R. Genital hypertrophicus lichen planus successfully treated with topical pimecrolimus. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol. 2018; 153(2): 296–298. DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.17.05492–X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">DE Paola M., DE Piano E., Pisani C., Mallarini M., Bilenchi R. Genital hypertrophicus lichen planus successfully treated with topical pimecrolimus. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol. 2018; 153(2): 296–298. DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.17.05492–X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hettiarachchi P.V.K.S., Hettiarachchi R.M., Jayasinghe R.D., Sitheeque M. Comparison of topical tacrolimus and clobetasol in the management of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A double-blinded, randomized clinical trial in Sri Lanka. J. Investig. Clin. Dent. 2017; 8(4): e12237. DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12237</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hettiarachchi P.V.K.S., Hettiarachchi R.M., Jayasinghe R.D., Sitheeque M. Comparison of topical tacrolimus and clobetasol in the management of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A double-blinded, randomized clinical trial in Sri Lanka. J. Investig. Clin. Dent. 2017; 8(4): e12237. DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12237</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Özkur E., Aksu E.K., Gürel M.S., Savaş S. Comparison of topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% and topical tacrolimus 0.1% in the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus. Postepy. Dermatol. Alergol. 2019; 36(6): 722–726. DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.91423</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Özkur E., Aksu E.K., Gürel M.S., Savaş S. Comparison of topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% and topical tacrolimus 0.1% in the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus. Postepy. Dermatol. Alergol. 2019; 36(6): 722–726. DOI: 10.5114/ada.2019.91423</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sivaraman S., Santham K., Nelson A., Laliytha B., Azhalvel P., Deepak J.H. A randomized triple-blind clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of topical triamcinolone acetonate (0.1%), clobetasol propionate (0.05%), and tacrolimus orabase (0.03%) in the management of oral lichen planus. J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci. 2016; 8(Suppl 1): S86–S89. DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.191976</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivaraman S., Santham K., Nelson A., Laliytha B., Azhalvel P., Deepak J.H. A randomized triple-blind clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of topical triamcinolone acetonate (0.1%), clobetasol propionate (0.05%), and tacrolimus orabase (0.03%) in the management of oral lichen planus. J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci. 2016; 8(Suppl 1): S86–S89. DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.191976</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Paola M., Fimiani M., Batsikosta A., Pisani C., Bilenchi R. Unilateral hypertrophic lichen planus successfully treated with topical calcipotriol. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol. 2014; 149(2): 274–276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Paola M., Fimiani M., Batsikosta A., Pisani C., Bilenchi R. Unilateral hypertrophic lichen planus successfully treated with topical calcipotriol. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol. 2014; 149(2): 274–276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bayramgürle D., Apaydin R., Bilen N. Limited benefit of topical calcipotriol in lichen planus treatment: A preliminary stud. The Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2002; 13(3): 129–132. DOI: 10.1080/09546630260199497</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bayramgürle D., Apaydin R., Bilen N. Limited benefit of topical calcipotriol in lichen planus treatment: A preliminary stud. The Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2002; 13(3): 129–132. DOI: 10.1080/09546630260199497</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alsenaid A., Alamri A., Prinz J.C., Ruzicka T., Wolf R. Lichen planus of the lower limbs: successful treatment with psoralen cream plus ultraviolet A photochemotherapy. Dermatol. Ther. 2016; 29(2): 109–113. DOI: 10.1111/dth.12321</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alsenaid A., Alamri A., Prinz J.C., Ruzicka T., Wolf R. Lichen planus of the lower limbs: successful treatment with psoralen cream plus ultraviolet A photochemotherapy. Dermatol. Ther. 2016; 29(2): 109–113. DOI: 10.1111/dth.12321</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fernández-Guarino M., Aboín S., Barchino L., Arsuaga C., Lázaro Ochaita P. Generalized Licen Planus Treated With Narrowband UV-B Phototherapy: Results From 10 Patients and a Review of the Literature. Actas. Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110(6): 490–493. DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.01.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fernández-Guarino M., Aboín S., Barchino L., Arsuaga C., Lázaro Ochaita P. Generalized Licen Planus Treated With Narrowband UV-B Phototherapy: Results From 10 Patients and a Review of the Literature. Actas. Dermosifiliogr. 2019;110(6): 490–493. DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2018.01.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solak B., Sevimli Dikicier B., Erdem T. Narrow band ultraviolet B for the treatment of generalized lichen planus. Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. 2016; 35(3): 190–193. DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1074587</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solak B., Sevimli Dikicier B., Erdem T. Narrow band ultraviolet B for the treatment of generalized lichen planus. Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. 2016; 35(3): 190–193. DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1074587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Молочков А.В., Кильдюшевский А.В., Молочкова Ю.В. Экстракорпоральная фотохимиотерапия типичного и атипичного красного плоского лишая. Альманах клинической медицины. 2016; 44(2): 213–220. DOI: 10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-2-213-220</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solak B., Sevimli Dikicier B., Erdem T. Narrow band ultraviolet B for the treatment of generalized lichen planus. Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. 2016; 35(3): 190–193. DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1074587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elshenawy H.M., Eldin A.M., Abdelmonem M.A. Clinical assessment of the efficiency of low level laser therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2015; 3(4): 717–721. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.112</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Molochkov A.V., Kil’dyushevskiy A.V., Molochkova Yu.V. Extracorporeal photochemotherapy in the treatment of typical and atypical lichen planus rubrum. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2016; 44(2): 213–220 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.18786/2072-0505-2016-44-2-213-220</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cafaro A, Albanese G, Arduino PG, Broccoletti R. Effect of low-level laser irradiation on unresponsive oral lichen planus: early preliminary results in 13 patients. Photomed. Laser Surg. 2010; 28(2): 99–103. DOI:10.1089/pho.2009.2655</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elshenawy H.M., Eldin A.M., Abdelmonem M.A. Clinical assessment of the efficiency of low level laser therapy in the treatment of oral lichen planus. Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. 2015; 3(4): 717–721. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.112</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cafaro A, Albanese G, Arduino PG, Broccoletti R. Effect of low-level laser irradiation on unresponsive oral lichen planus: early preliminary results in 13 patients. Photomed. Laser Surg. 2010; 28(2): 99–103. DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2655.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cafaro A, Albanese G, Arduino PG, Broccoletti R. Effect of low-level laser irradiation on unresponsive oral lichen planus: early preliminary results in 13 patients. Photomed. Laser Surg. 2010; 28(2): 99–103. DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2655.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
