<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2021-28-2-59-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-2516</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейтрофильные лейкоциты крови и клеточного инфильтрата в диагностике активности воспалительного процесса при хроническом эндометрите: проспективное нерандомизированное контролируемое исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Blood and cell infiltrate neutrophilic leucocytes As inflammation markers in chronic endometritis: A prospective non-randomised controlled trial</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9824-9186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Славинский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Slavinsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Славинский Александр Александрович — доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой патологической анатомии</p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, Краснодар, 350063</p><p>+7(918) 155-77-31</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander A. Slavinsky — Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Morbid Anatomy</p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p><p>+7 (918) 155-77-31</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al-slavinsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2770-3529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуприненко</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chuprinenko</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чуприненко Людмила Михайловна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии; заведующая патолого-анатомическим отделением клиники</p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, Краснодар, 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila M. Chuprinenko — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Chair of Morbid Anatomy; Head of the Morbid Anatomy Unit, University Clinic</p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4750-409X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веревкина</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Verevkina</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Веревкина Вероника Сергеевна — старший лаборант кафедры патологической анатомии</p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, Краснодар, 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika S. Verevkina — Senior Laboratory Assistant, Chair of Morbid Anatomy</p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0128-5848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севостьянова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevostyanova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Севостьянова Екатерина Сергеевна — аспирант, ассистент кафедры патологической анатомии; врач клинической лабораторной диагностики клинико-диагностической лаборатории клиники</p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, Краснодар, 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Sevostyanova — Postgraduate Student, Research Assistant, Chair of Morbid Anatomy; Physician (clinical laboratory diagnostics), Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, University Clinic</p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Славинский А.А., Чуприненко Л.М., Веревкина В.С., Севостьянова Е.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Славинский А.А., Чуприненко Л.М., Веревкина В.С., Севостьянова Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Slavinsky A.A., Chuprinenko L.M., Verevkina V.S., Sevostyanova E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2516">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2516</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Развитие воспалительного процесса проявляется формированием в тканях клеточного инфильтрата, состав которого отражает характер воспаления. При хроническом воспалении в инфильтрате преобладают мононуклеары, однако присутствует то или иное количество нейтрофилов, роль и значение которых не в полной мере охарактеризованы в современной научной литературе.</p><p>Цель исследования — установить содержание нейтрофилов в клеточном инфильтрате при различной активности хронического воспаления в эндометрии и оценить зависимость количества этих клеток от функционально-метаболической активности нейтрофильных лейкоцитов периферической крови.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Дизайн исследования — проспективное нерандомизированное контролируемое. В воспалительном инфильтрате иммуногистохимически определяли количество CD45+ лейкоцитов и активированных CD16b+ нейтрофилов. С помощью компьютерной морфометрии вычисляли количество этих клеток на 1 мм2 площади среза. В венозной крови определяли содержание активированных нейтрофильных лейкоцитов и активность в них НАДФН-оксидазы с помощью теста восстановления нитросинего тетразолия.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В исследование включены 40 женщин с хроническим эндометритом (ХЭ) в анамнезе, которые по результатам биопсий эндометрия разделены на две группы: с неактивным течением ХЭ (n = 25) и с активным ХЭ (n = 15). Группу контроля составили 20 женщин без признаков ХЭ. В инфильтрате у женщин с неактивным ХЭ выявлено увеличение количества как CD45+ лейкоцитов, так и активированных CD16b+ нейтрофилов по сравнению с контрольной группой. При этом в периферической крови отмечено увеличение содержания активированных нейтрофильных лейкоцитов с повышением в них активности НАДФН-оксидазы. Возникновение в тканях эндометрия морфологических признаков обострения ХЭ сопровождалось более выраженным увеличением содержания CD45+ и CD16b+ клеток в инфильтрате и возрастанием функционально-метаболической активности циркулирующих нейтрофильных лейкоцитов. Между числом активированных нейтрофилов крови и CD16b+ нейтрофилов в эндометрии, а также между активностью НАДФН-оксидазы нейтрофилов крови и содержанием CD16b+ клеток в инфильтрате выявлена сильная прямая корреляционная связь.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Появление в эндометрии даже минимальных морфологических признаков обострения воспалительного процесса сопровождается возрастанием в инфильтрате не только общего количества CD45+ лейкоцитов, но и активированных CD16b+ нейтрофилов. Изменение функционально-метаболической активности нейтрофильных лейкоцитов периферической крови взаимосвязано с клеточным составом воспалительного инфильтрата и отражает характер течения хронического воспаления в эндометрии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Inflammation declares itself with the presence of cellular tissue infiltrate, which composition reflects the inflammation type. Chronic inflammation is predominated by mononuclear cell infiltration with a certain amount of neutrophils, which role and significance are not fully understood to date.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. Assessment of the infiltrated neutrophil count at various chronic endometritis severity and its dependency on the functional and metabolic activity in neutrophilic leucocytes in peripheral blood.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. This prospective non-randomised controlled trial estimated the CD45+ leucocyte and activated CD16b+ neutrophil counts in inflammation infiltrate using immunohistochemistry protocols. Cell counts per section 1 mm2 were measured with computer morphometry. The content of and NADPH oxidase activity in activated neutrophilic leucocytes in venous blood were estimated with a nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study included 40 women with a history of chronic endometritis (CE) divided in two cohorts by endometrial biopsy data, with inactive (n = 25) and active CE (n = 15). A control cohort comprised 20 women with no signs of CE. The inactive CE cohort had higher counts of CD45+ leucocytes and activated CD16b+ neutrophils in infiltrate compared to control. Higher content of activated neutrophilic leucocytes with higher NADPH oxidase activity were found in peripheral blood. Morphological exacerbation markers of EC were associated with sharper peaks of CD45+ and CD16b+ cell counts in infiltrate and an elevated functional metabolic activity in circulating neutrophilic leucocytes. A strong direct correlation was revealed between blood activated neutrophil and endometrial CD16b+ neutrophil counts, as well as NADPH oxidase activity in blood neutrophils and infiltrate CD16b+ cell counts.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Even minor morphological markers of exacerbated endometrial inflammation are accompanied by the elevated infiltrate counts of both total CD45+ leucocytes and activated CD16b+ neutrophils. The functional metabolic activity of peripheral blood neutrophilic leucocytes is interlinked with the inflammatory infiltrate cell composition and reflects severity of chronic endometrial inflammation.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейтрофильные лейкоциты</kwd><kwd>клеточный инфильтрат</kwd><kwd>компьютерная морфометрия</kwd><kwd>хронический эндометрит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neutrophilic leucocytes</kwd><kwd>cellular infiltrate</kwd><kwd>computer morphometry</kwd><kwd>chronic endometritis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mortaz E., Alipoor S.D., Adcock I.M., Mumby S., Koenderman L. Update on Neutrophil Function in Severe Inflammation. Front. Immunol. 2018; 9: 2171. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02171</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mortaz E., Alipoor S.D., Adcock I.M., Mumby S., Koenderman L. Update on Neutrophil Function in Severe Inflammation. Front. Immunol. 2018; 9: 2171. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02171</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubes P. The enigmatic neutrophil: what we do not know. Cell Tissue Res. 2018; 371(3): 399–406. DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2790-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubes P. The enigmatic neutrophil: what we do not know. Cell Tissue Res. 2018; 371(3): 399–406. DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2790-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Filippo K., Rankin S.M. The Secretive Life of Neutrophils Revealed by Intravital Microscopy. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2020; 8: 603230. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603230</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Filippo K., Rankin S.M. The Secretive Life of Neutrophils Revealed by Intravital Microscopy. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2020; 8: 603230. DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603230</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garley M., Jabłońska E. Heterogeneity Among Neutrophils. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz). 2018; 66(1): 21–30. DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0476-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garley M., Jabłońska E. Heterogeneity Among Neutrophils. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz). 2018; 66(1): 21–30. DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0476-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silvestre-Roig C., Fridlender Z.G., Glogauer M., Scapini P. Neutrophil Diversity in Health and Disease. Trends. Immunol. 2019; 40(7): 565–583. DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.04.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silvestre-Roig C., Fridlender Z.G., Glogauer M., Scapini P. Neutrophil Diversity in Health and Disease. Trends. Immunol. 2019; 40(7): 565–583. DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.04.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang F., Feng C., Zhang X., Lu J., Zhao Y. The Diverse Biological Functions of Neutrophils, Beyond the Defense Against Infections. Inflammation. 2017; 40(1): 311–323. DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0458-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang F., Feng C., Zhang X., Lu J., Zhao Y. The Diverse Biological Functions of Neutrophils, Beyond the Defense Against Infections. Inflammation. 2017; 40(1): 311–323. DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0458-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller D., Motomura K., Garcia–Flores V., Romero R., Gomez-Lopez N. Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Maternal and Fetal Compartments. Front. Immunol. 2018; 9: 2396. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02396</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller D., Motomura K., Garcia-Flores V., Romero R., Gomez-Lopez N. Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Maternal and Fetal Compartments. Front. Immunol. 2018; 9: 2396. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02396</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diao L., Cai S., Huang C., Li L., Yu S., Wang L., Liu S., Li Y., Zeng Y. New endometrial immune cell-based score (EI-score) for the prediction of implantation success for patients undergoing IVF/ICSI. Placenta. 2020; 99: 180–188. DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diao L., Cai S., Huang C., Li L., Yu S., Wang L., Liu S., Li Y., Zeng Y. New endometrial immune cell-based score (EI-score) for the prediction of implantation success for patients undergoing IVF/ICSI. Placenta. 2020; 99: 180–188. DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.07.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">James-Allan L.B., Buckley R.J., Whitley G.S., Cartwright J.E. The phenotype of decidual CD56+ lymphocytes is influenced by secreted factors from decidual stromal cells but not macrophages in the first trimester of pregnancy. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2020; 138: 103082. DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103082</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">James–Allan L.B., Buckley R.J., Whitley G.S., Cartwright J.E. The phenotype of decidual CD56+ lymphocytes is influenced by secreted factors from decidual stromal cells but not macrophages in the first trimester of pregnancy. J. Reprod. Immunol. 2020; 138: 103082. DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103082</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Толибова Г.Х., Траль Т.Г., Айламазян Э.К., Коган И.Ю. Молекулярные механизмы циклической трансформации эндометрия. Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2019; 68(1); 5–12. DOI: 10.17816/JOWD6815-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tolibova G.Kh., Tral T.G., Ailamazyan E.K., Kogan I.Yu. Molecular mechanisms of cyclic transformation of the endometrium. Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases. 2019; 68(1); 5–12 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.17816/JOWD6815-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu H., Huang X., Mor G., Liao A. Epigenetic modifications working in the decidualization and endometrial receptivity. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 2020; 77(11): 2091–2101. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03395-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu H., Huang X., Mor G., Liao A. Epigenetic modifications working in the decidualization and endometrial receptivity. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 2020; 77(11): 2091–2101. DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03395-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пономаренко К.Ю. Рецептивность эндометрия у женщин с нарушениями в репродуктивной системе. Журнал акушерства и женских болезней. 2017; 66(4): 90–97. DOI: 10.17816/JOWD66490-97</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponomarenko K.Y. Endometrial receptivity in women with disoders in reproductive system. Journal of Obstetrics and Women’s Diseases. 2017; 66(4): 90–97 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.17816/JOWD6649097</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kimura F., Takebayashi A., Ishida M., Nakamura A., Kitazawa J., Morimune A., Hirata K., Takahashi A., Tsuji S., Takashima A., Amano T., Tsuji S., Ono T., Kaku S., Kasahara K., Moritani S., Kushima R., Murakami T. Review: Chronic endometritis and its effect on reproduction. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2019; 45(5): 951–960. DOI: 10.1111/jog.13937</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kimura F., Takebayashi A., Ishida M., Nakamura A., Kitazawa J., Morimune A., Hirata K., Takahashi A., Tsuji S., Takashima A., Amano T., Tsuji S., Ono T., Kaku S., Kasahara K., Moritani S., Kushima R., Murakami T. Review: Chronic endometritis and its effect on reproduction. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 2019; 45(5): 951–960. DOI: 10.1111/jog.13937</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуприненко Л.М., Славинский А.А., Севостьянова Е.С., Веревкин А.А., Друшевская В.Л., Котов В.С., Крутова В.А. Экспрессия сосудистого эндотелиального фактора роста типа A в эндометрии при маточной форме бесплодия. Кубанский научный медицинский вестник. 2020; 27(1): 85–95. DOI: 10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-1-85-95</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuprinenko L.M., Slavinsky A.A., Sevostyanova E.S., Verevkin A.A., Drushevskaya V.L., Kotov V.S., Krutova V.A. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor a in the endometrium in uterine factor infertility. Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin. 2020; 27(1): 85–95 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.25207/1608-6228-2020-27-1-85-95</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лихачева В.В., Зорина В.Н., Третьякова Я.Н., Баженова Л.Г., Третьякова Т.В., Ренге Л.В. Современные представления о патогенезе хронического эндометрита. Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. 2017; 17(4): 25–32. DOI: 10.17116/rosakush201717425-32</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Likhacheva V.V., Zorina V.N., Tretyakova Ya.N., Bazhenova L.G., Tretyakova T.V., Renge L.V. Current ideas on the pathogenesis of chronic endometritis. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2017; 17(4): 25–32 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.17116/rosakush201717425-32</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moreno I., Cicinelli E., Garcia-Grau I., Gonzalez-Monfort M., Bau D., Vilella F., De Ziegler D., Resta L., Valbuena D., Simon C. The diagnosis of chronic endometritis in infertile asymptomatic women: a comparative study of histology, microbial cultures, hysteroscopy, and molecular microbiology. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2018; 218(6): 602.e1–602.e16. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.02.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moreno I., Cicinelli E., Garcia-Grau I., Gonzalez-Monfort M., Bau D., Vilella F., De Ziegler D., Resta L., Valbuena D., Simon C. The diagnosis of chronic endometritis in infertile asymptomatic women: a comparative study of histology, microbial cultures, hysteroscopy, and molecular microbiology. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2018; 218(6): 602.e1–602.e16. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.02.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moreno I., Simon C. Relevance of assessing the uterine microbiota in infertility. Fertil. Steril. 2018; 110(3): 337–343. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.04.041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moreno I., Simon C. Relevance of assessing the uterine microbiota in infertility. Fertil. Steril. 2018; 110(3): 337–343. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.04.041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berbic M., Ng C.H., Fraser I.S. Inflammation and endometrial bleeding. Climacteric. 2014; 17 Suppl 2: 47–53. DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.963964</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berbic M., Ng C.H., Fraser I.S. Inflammation and endometrial bleeding. Climacteric. 2014; 17 Suppl 2: 47–53. DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.963964</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel K.R., Roberts J.T., Barb A.W. Multiple Variables at the Leukocyte Cell Surface Impact Fc γ Receptor-Dependent Mechanisms. Front. Immunol. 2019; 10: 223. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00223</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel K.R., Roberts J.T., Barb A.W. Multiple Variables at the Leukocyte Cell Surface Impact Fc γ Receptor-Dependent Mechanisms. Front. Immunol. 2019; 10: 223. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00223</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vitagliano A., Saccardi C., Noventa M., Di Spiezio Sardo A., Saccone G., Cicinelli E, Pizzi S, Andrisani A, Litta PS. Effects of chronic endometritis therapy on in vitro fertilization outcome in women with repeated implantation failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil. Steril. 2018; 110(1): 103–112.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitagliano A., Saccardi C., Noventa M., Di Spiezio Sardo A., Saccone G., Cicinelli E, Pizzi S, Andrisani A, Litta PS. Effects of chronic endometritis therapy on in vitro fertilization outcome in women with repeated implantation failure: a systematic review and meta–analysis. Fertil. Steril. 2018; 110(1): 103–112.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.03.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kitaya K., Takeuchi T., Mizuta S., Matsubayashi H., Ishikawa T. Endometritis: new time, new concepts. Fertil. Steril. 2018; 110(3): 344–350. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.04.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitaya K., Takeuchi T., Mizuta S., Matsubayashi H., Ishikawa T. Endometritis: new time, new concepts. Fertil. Steril. 2018; 110(3): 344–350. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.04.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оразов М.Р., Радзинский В.Е., Волкова С.В., Хамошина М.Б., Михалева Л.М., Абитова М.З., Шустова В.Б. Хронический эндометрит у женщин с эндометриоз-ассоциированным бесплодием. Гинекология. 2020; 22(3): 15–20. DOI:10.26442/20795696.2020.3.200174</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orazov M.R., Radzinsky V.E., Volkova S.V., Khamoshina M.B., Mikhaleva L.M., Abitova M.Z., Shustova V.B. Chronic endometritis in women with endometriosis–associated infertility. Gynecology. 2020; 22(3): 15–20 (In Russ., English abstract). DOI: 10.26442/20795696.2020.3.200174</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu Y., Chen X., Huang J., Wang C.C., Yu M.Y., Laird S., Li T.C.. Comparison of the prevalence of chronic endometritis as determined by means of different diagnostic methods in women with and without reproductive failure. Fertil. Steril. 2018; 109(5): 832–839. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.022. Erratum in: Fertil. Steril. 2019; 111(2): 411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu Y., Chen X., Huang J., Wang C.C., Yu M.Y., Laird S., Li T.C.. Comparison of the prevalence of chronic endometritis as determined by means of different diagnostic methods in women with and without reproductive failure. Fertil. Steril. 2018; 109(5): 832–839. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.022. Erratum in: Fertil. Steril. 2019; 111(2): 411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vicetti Miguel R.D., Chivukula M., Krishnamurti U., Amortegui A.J., Kant J.A., Sweet R.L., Wiesenfeld H.C., Phillips J.M., Cherpes T.L. Limitations of the criteria used to diagnose histologic endometritis in epidemiologic pelvic inflammatory disease research. Pathol. Res. Pract. 2011; 207(11): 680–685. DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.08.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vicetti Miguel R.D., Chivukula M., Krishnamurti U., Amortegui A.J., Kant J.A., Sweet R.L., Wiesenfeld H.C., Phillips J.M., Cherpes T.L. Limitations of the criteria used to diagnose histologic endometritis in epidemiologic pelvic inflammatory disease research. Pathol. Res. Pract. 2011; 207(11): 680–685. DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.08.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Therrien A., Chapuy L., Bsat M., Rubio M., Bernard G., Arslanian E., Orlicka K., Weber A., Panzini B.P., Dorais J., Bernard E.J., Soucy G., Bouin M., Sarfati M. Recruitment of activated neutrophils correlates with disease severity in adult Crohn’s disease. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2019; 195(2): 251–264. DOI: 10.1111/cei.13226</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Therrien A., Chapuy L., Bsat M., Rubio M., Bernard G., Arslanian E., Orlicka K., Weber A., Panzini B.P., Dorais J., Bernard E.J., Soucy G., Bouin M., Sarfati M. Recruitment of activated neutrophils correlates with disease severity in adult Crohn’s disease. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2019; 195(2): 251–264. DOI: 10.1111/cei.13226</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen G.T., Green E.R., Mecsas J. Neutrophils to the ROScue: Mechanisms of NADPH Oxidase Activation and Bacterial Resistance. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2017; 7: 373. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00373</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen G.T., Green E.R., Mecsas J. Neutrophils to the ROScue: Mechanisms of NADPH Oxidase Activation and Bacterial Resistance. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2017; 7: 373. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00373</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
