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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2022-29-3-76-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-2862</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Судебно-медицинская оценка повреждений в виде дисторсии шейного отдела позвоночника у пострадавших при несмертельных дорожно-транспортных происшествиях: наблюдательное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Forensic evaluation of cervical spine distortion injuries in non-fatal road traffic accidents: An observational study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Травенко</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Travenko</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Травенко Елена Николаевна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры судебной медицины</p><p>Контактная информация: e-mail:  </p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, г. Краснодар, 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena N. Travenko — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chair of Forensic Medicine </p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elenaschon@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-7380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Породенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Porodenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Породенко Валерий Анатольевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой судебной медицины </p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, г. Краснодар, 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriy A. Porodenko — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Forensic Medicine </p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-8338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ануприенко</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anuprienko</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ануприенко Сергей Анатольевич — ассистент кафедры судебной медицины</p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, г. Краснодар, 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey A. Anuprienko — Research Assistant, Chair of Forensic Medicine </p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3565-8657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ашхотов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Аshkhotov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ашхотов Азамат Вячеславович — студент 6-го курса лечебного факультета</p><p>ул. им. Митрофана Седина, д. 4, г. Краснодар, 350063</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Azamat V. Ashkhotov — Graduate Student (6th year), Faculty of Medicine </p><p>Mitrofana Sedina str., 4, Krasnodar, 350063</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-9467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пенкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Penkin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пенкин Александр Сергеевич — судебно-медицинский эксперт </p><p>ул. Орджоникидзе, зд. 64, помещ. 32, г. Краснодар, 350000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Penkin — Forensic Medical Expert </p><p>Ordzhonikidze str., zd. 64, pom. 32, Krasnodar, 350000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Кубанский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Бюро судебно-медицинской экспертизы» Министерства здравоохранения Краснодарского края</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bureau of Forensic Medicine</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Травенко Е.Н., Породенко В.А., Ануприенко С.А., Ашхотов А.В., Пенкин А.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Травенко Е.Н., Породенко В.А., Ануприенко С.А., Ашхотов А.В., Пенкин А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Travenko E.N., Porodenko V.A., Anuprienko S.A., Аshkhotov A.V., Penkin A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2862">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2862</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Актуальность проблемы связана с увеличением числа транспортных средств и количества повреждений шейного отдела в структуре всех травм позвоночника. В настоящее время отсутствует единая точка зрения на патогенез дисторсионных повреждений шейного отдела позвоночника, алгоритм их диагностики и лечения. Это обуславливает сложности судебно-медицинской оценки травмы мягкотканных структур шеи, особенно при наличии сопутствующих повреждений головы и позвоночника на этом уровне и ряда заболеваний.Цель исследования — анализ частоты встречаемости дисторсионных повреждений шейного отдела позвоночника и их клинико-экспертной оценки с позиций степени тяжести вреда, причиненного здоровью человека.Методы. Проведено ретроспективное выборочное одномоментное изучение и анализ 32 экспертных заключений судебно-медицинского эксперта в случаях возбуждения административных дел по факту дорожно-транспортных происшествий и причинения вреда здоровью за 2017 г. (один год). Количественные данные, соответствовавшие нормальному распределению, представлены в виде среднего (М) и стандартного отклонения (SD) и структурных долей, выраженные в процентах. Достоверность разности долей оценивалась с помощью t-критерия Стьюдента.Результаты. Дисторсионные повреждения шейного отдела позвоночника чаще встречаются при травме внутри салона автомобиля — 81,2 %, особенно легкового, и у водителей, чем у пассажиров. Среди пассажиров лидировали те, кто находился на переднем сиденье, — 60,0 %. Как самостоятельная патология они встречались очень редко. Наиболее часто регистрировались в сочетании с повреждениями мягких тканей, сочетанной тупой травмой головы, туловища и конечностей, черепно-мозговой либо челюстно-лицевой травмой. В 18 % был выявлен шейный остеохондроз. Первичный диагноз травмы преимущественно основывался на основании жалоб и анамнеза (67 %), по результатам полноценного неврологического обследования и проведения инструментальных методов — только в 12 %. Оценка степени тяжести вреда, причиненного здоровью человека, производилась по совокупности с другими выявленными повреждениями. С одинаковой частотой (по 6,2 %) устанавливались тяжкий и средней тяжести вред здоровью, легкий — в 37,5 %, отсутствие вреда здоровью — в 9,3 %. Квалификация не была осуществлена 39,8 % случаев в связи с отсутствием данных полноценного клинического и инструментального обследования (66,7 %), неявки на осмотр потерпевшего (13,3 %). В 20 % в качестве причины экспертами отмечалась невозможность установления обстоятельств и механизма травмы.Заключение. Требуется дальнейшее изучение проблемы и систематизация массива накапливаемых данных. Их последующая обработка с применением клинико-экспертного анализа и методов статистического исследования позволит дать единые алгоритмы постановки диагноза и оценки степени тяжести вреда, причиненного здоровью человека, при механических повреждениях мягкотканных и связочных структур шейного отдела позвоночника.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The study relevance is substantiated by the growing numbers of road vehicles and cervical spine traumas occurring among all spinal injuries. Currently, there is no common vision of the cervical trauma pathogenesis, diagnostic algorithm or treatment, which stipulates difficulties in the forensic evaluation of soft tissue injuries of the neck, especially combined with the head or spine traumas around neck, as well as certain diseases.Objectives. A study of the incidence of cervical spine distortion injuries and their clinical and forensic assessment for severity to human health.Methods. A retrospective selective single-stage trial and analysis of 32 forensic medical reports on road accident and physical injury administrative cases in 2017 (single year) have been conducted. Normally distributed data are presented as mean (M), standard deviation (SD) and percent shares. The significance of inter-share variation was estimated with Student’s t-test.Results. Cervical spine distortion injuries more frequently associated with traumas to drivers than passengers inside the salon (81.2%), especially in passenger vehicles, with front-seat travellers inflicted most often (60.0%). Cases of independent pathology were very rare. The most common were combinations with soft tissue injuries, combined blunt trauma to the head, torso and limbs, with craniocerebral or maxillofacial trauma. Cervical osteochondrosis was revealed in 18% cases. Primary diagnosis predominantly grounded on complaints and history (67%), with only 12% cases using a comprehensive neurological examination or instrumental methods. The severity was assessed in the context of concomitant injuries. Acute and moderate severity had equal rates of 6.2%, light severity — 37.5%, no damage — 9.3%. Non-qualified remained 39.8% cases due to a lack of full clinical and instrumental examination (66.7%) or the victim’s failure to appear (13.3%); 20% cases were expert-reported as uncertain for trauma circumstances and mechanism.Conclusion. Further research and systematisation of the data accumulated are necessary. The following clinical and forensic evaluation, as well as statistical analyses will facilitate common diagnostic and severity assessment algorithms to develop for mechanical soft tissue and ligament injuries of the cervical spine.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дисторсия шейного отдела позвоночника</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>судебно-медицинская оценка степени тяжести вреда</kwd><kwd>причиненного здоровью человека</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cervical spine distortion</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>forensic medical evaluation of injury severity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яриков А.В., Перльмуттер О.А., Фраерман А.П., Бояршинов А.А., Лавренюк А.Н., Симонов А.Е., Яксаргин А.В., Яикбаев И.П. Хлыстовое повреждение шейного отдела позвоночника. Журнал МедиАль. 2019; 1: 47–53. 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