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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2023-30-4-37-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-3123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническое значение патогенности соматических мутаций  при лейкоплакии слизистой оболочки ротовой полости: проспективное наблюдательное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Significance of Pathogenicity of Somatic Mutations in Oral Leukoplakia:  a Prospective Observational Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1482-9376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпук</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpuk</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпук Наталья Анатольевна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент; доцент кафедры общей и ортопедической стоматологии с курсом факультета повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров</p><p>пр-т Фрунзе, д. 27, г. Витебск, 210009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia A. Karpuk — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.; General Dentistry and Prosthodontic Dentistry Department with a course at the Faculty of Advanced Training and Retraining</p><p>Frunze Ave., 27, Vitebsk, 210009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ikarpuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-3757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубникович</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubnikovich</surname><given-names>S. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рубникович Сергей Петрович — доктор медицинских наук, член-корреспондент; профессор; ректор</p><p>пр. Дзержинского, д. 83, г. Минск, 220116</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey P. Rubnikovich — Dr. Sci. (Med.), corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Prof.; Rector</p><p>Dzerzhinskogo str., 83, Minsk, 220116</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-2880</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жильцов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhyltsov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жильцов Иван Викторович — доктор медицинских наук, профессор; заведующий кафедрой доказательной медицины и клинической диагностики факультета повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров</p><p>пр-т Фрунзе, д. 27, г. Витебск, 210009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan V. Zhyltsov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.; Head of the Department for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Diagnostics at the Faculty of Advanced Training and Retraining</p><p>Frunze Ave., 27, Vitebsk, 210009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-4548</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>О. Ч.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>O. Ch.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазур Оксана Чеславовна — научный сотрудник лаборатории экологической генетики и биотехнологии</p><p>ул. Академическая, д. 27, г. Минск, 220072</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oksana Ch. Mazur — Researcher, Laboratory of Ecological Genetics and Biotechnology</p><p>Akademicheskaya str., 27, Minsk, 220072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-7035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпук</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpuk</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карпук Иван Юрьевич — доктор медицинских наук, доцент; декан стоматологического факультета, профессор кафедры доказательной медицины и клинической диагностики факультета повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров</p><p>пр-т Фрунзе, д. 27, г. Витебск, 210009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan Yu. Karpuk — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.; Dean of the Dental Faculty, Prof. at the Department for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Diagnostics at the Faculty of Advanced Training and Retraining</p><p>Frunze Ave., 27, Vitebsk, 210009</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4543-2862</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михаленко</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhalenka</surname><given-names>A.  P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаленко Елена Петровна — кандидат биологических наук; ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории экологической генетики и биотехнологии</p><p>ул. Академическая, д. 27, г. Минск, 220072</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena P. Mikhalenka — Cand. Sci. (Biol.); Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Ecological Genetics and Biotechnology</p><p>Akademicheskaya str., 27, Minsk, 220072</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение образования «Витебский государственный ордена Дружбы народов медицинский университет»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vitebsk State Order of Peoples’ Friendship Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Учреждение образования «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State Medical University</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное научное учреждение «Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук Беларуси»</institution><country>Беларусь</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карпук Н.А., Рубникович С.П., Жильцов И.В., Мазур О.Ч., Карпук И.Ю., Михаленко Е.П., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпук Н.А., Рубникович С.П., Жильцов И.В., Мазур О.Ч., Карпук И.Ю., Михаленко Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpuk N.A., Rubnikovich S.P., Zhyltsov I.V., Mazur O.C., Karpuk I.Y., Mikhalenka A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3123">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3123</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Подавляющее большинство злокачественных новообразований слизистой оболочки ротовой полости приходится на плоскоклеточный рак. Плоскоклеточный рак слизистой оболочки ротовой полости развивается, как правило, в исходе предшествующих потенциально злокачественных заболеваний, ведущим из которых является лейкоплакия слизистой оболочки ротовой полости.</p><p>Цель исследования — определить клиническое значение патогенности соматических мутаций при лейкоплакии слизистой оболочки ротовой полости.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Материалом для исследования являлись 24 образца измененного эпителия слизистой оболочки ротовой полости пациентов с лейкоплакией. Для выделения дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоты (ДНК) из образцов использовали набор QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Германия). ДНК-секвенирование выполняли при помощи секвенатора Illumina Next Seq 550 с использованием набора реагентов Tru Sight™ Oncology 500 DNA Kit, For Use with NextSeq (Illumina, США). Все операции по экстракции ДНК из биологических образцов, подготовке ДНК-библиотек и их секвенированию выполняли пошагово в строгом соответствии с инструкциями, прилагаемыми к соответствующим наборам реагентов. Биоинформационный анализ был выполнен с использованием специализированного программного обеспечения Illumina Base Space (Illumina, США) и Galaxy Project (The Galaxy Community, некоммерческий международный проект) в соответствии с актуальными рекомендациями. Желаемая мощность исследования составила 90 %. Для расчета необходимого размера выборки использовалась функция Sample Size Calculation программы Statistica 12 (StatSoft, Inc., США) (Two Proportions, Z test) с установленной опцией «односторонняя гипотеза» (1 tailed hypothesis), поскольку исходно предполагалось, что патогенные (онкогенные) генетические варианты встречаются в ткани лейкоплакий СОРП намного чаще, чем в референсном геноме человека, по которому производилось выравнивание рядов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выявленные в ходе настоящего исследования патогенные соматические мутации в генах TP53, KRAS, APC, NRAS и BRAF как поодиночке, так и в сочетаниях с высокой вероятностью (отношение рисков 3000–11 000) ассоциированы с развитием лейкоплакии слизистой оболочки ротовой полости с дисплазией эпителия 1-й степени. Множественность патогенных и вероятно патогенных генетических вариантов, ассоциированных с дисплазией эпителия, а также то, что ряд вариантов имеет место не у всех пациентов, позволяет предположить, что один и тот же гистотип дисплазии слизистой оболочки ротовой полости может развиваться под воздействием различных мутаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявленные в настоящем исследовании патогенные и вероятно патогенные варианты генов TP53, KRAS, APC, NRAS и BRAF как поодиночке, так и в сочетаниях с высокой вероятностью (отношение рисков 3000–11 000) ассоциированы с развитием лейкоплакии с дисплазией эпителия 1-й степени.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. The vast majority of malignant neoplasms of the oral mucosa refer to squamous cell carcinomas. The development of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa is often promoted by previous potentially malignant diseases, with oral leukoplakia dominating among them.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To determine the clinical significance of the pathogenicity of somatic mutations in oral mucosal leukoplakia.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. The study material included 24 samples of abnormal epithelium of the oral mucosa from leukoplakia patients. QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germany) was used for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction from the samples. DNA sequencing was performed using IlluminaNextSeq 550 sequencer and TruSight™ Oncology 500 DNA Kit For Use with NextSeq (Illumina, USA). All DNA extractions from biological samples, preparation and sequencing of DNA libraries were performed step-by-step in strict accordance with the guidelines provided with the respective reagent kits. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out using specific software Illumina Base Space (Illumina, USA) and Galaxy Project (The Galaxy Community, a non-profit international project) according to current guidelines. The desired power of the study accounted for 90%. Two Proportions Z test was performed by means of The Sample Size Calculation of Statistica 12 (StatSoft, Inc.) with the set option “one-tailed hypothesis”, because it was initially assumed that pathogenic (oncogenic) genetic variants occur in the tissue of oral leukoplakia much more frequently than in the human reference genome used for sequence alignment.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The pathogenic somatic mutations in the TP53, KRAS, APC, NRAs and BRAF genes, identified in this study, alone or in combination, are highly likely (hazard ratio 3000-11000) to be associated with the development of oral mucosal leukoplakia and low-grade epithelial dysplasia. The multiplicity of pathogenic and likely pathogenic genetic variants associated with epithelial dysplasia, as well as the fact that a number of variants do not occur in all patients, suggests that the same histotype of oral mucosal dysplasia may develop under the influence of different mutations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants of the TP53, KRAS, APC, NRAS and BRAF genes, identified in this study, alone or in combination, are highly likely (hazard ratio 3000–11000) to be associated with the development of leukoplakia and low-grade epithelial dysplasia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ДНК-секвенирование</kwd><kwd>соматические мутации</kwd><kwd>лейкоплакия</kwd><kwd>слизистая оболочка ротовой полости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>DNA sequencing</kwd><kwd>somatic mutations</kwd><kwd>leukoplakia</kwd><kwd>oral mucosa</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках государственной программы научных исследований Республики Беларусь «Установить спектр мутаций эпителия у пациентов с лейкоплакией слизистой оболочки рта» (№ ГР 20200246 от 2.03.2020) и Белорусского республиканского фонда фундаментальных исследований (№ ГР 20221321 от 1.08.2022).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out within the framework of the State Research Program of the Republic of Belarus “Determine the  range of epithelial mutations in patients with oral mucosal leukoplakia” (No. GR 20200246 of March 2, 2020) and the Belarusian Republican  Foundation for Fundamental Research (No. GR 20221321 of August 1, 2022).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalavrezos N, Scully C. 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