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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2024-31-2-95-106</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-3346</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. МЕДИКО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гендерные и возрастные особенности аутофагии у мужчин и женщин в условиях проведения комплексной оздоровительной программы: проспективное наблюдательное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gender and age peculiarities of autophagy in men and women induced by a comprehensive wellness program: a prospective observational study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0279-7417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тхакушинов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkhakushinov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тхакушинов Ибрагим Аскарбиевич - кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней медицинского института</p><p>ул. Первомайская, д. 191, г. Майкоп, 385000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ibragim A. Tkhakushinov - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior lecturer of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p><p>Pervomayskaya str., 191, Maykop, 385000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">u6pawka@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1179-8938</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лысенков</surname><given-names>С. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lysenkov</surname><given-names>S. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лысенков Сергей Петрович - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры физиологии и общей патологии медицинского института</p><p>ул. Первомайская, д. 191, г. Майкоп, 385000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey Р. Lysenkov — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Department of Physiology and General Pathology</p><p>Pervomayskaya str., 191, Maykop, 385000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sergeyprofff@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6913-8778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корчажкина</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korchazhkina</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корчажкина Наталья Борисовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заместитель директора</p><p>Абрикосовский переулок, д. 2, г. Москва, 119435</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia B. Korchazhkina - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Deputy Director for Educational Activities and Rehabilitation</p><p>Abrikosovsky pereulok, 2, Moscow, 119435</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n9857678103@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4379-0634</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муженя</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muzhenya</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муженя Дмитрий Витальевич - кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры физиологии и общей патологии медицинского института</p><p>ул. Первомайская, д. 191, г. Майкоп, 385000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy V. Muzhenya — Cand. Sci. (Biology), Assoc. Prof., Department of Physiology and General Pathology</p><p>Pervomayskaya str., 191, Maykop, 385000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmuzhenya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-7192</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тугуз</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuguz</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тугуз Аминат Рамазановна - доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры ботаники НИИ комплексных проблем, иммуногенетической лаборатории</p><p>ул. Первомайская, д. 208, г. Майкоп, 385000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aminat R. Tuguz - Dr. Sci. (Biology), Prof., Department of Botany, Research Institute of Complex Problems</p><p>Pervomayskaya str., 208, Maykop, 385000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lab_genetic@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Майкопский государственный технологический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Maykop State Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика Б.В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Адыгейский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Adyghe State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>106</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тхакушинов И.А., Лысенков С.П., Корчажкина Н.Б., Муженя Д.В., Тугуз А.Р., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тхакушинов И.А., Лысенков С.П., Корчажкина Н.Б., Муженя Д.В., Тугуз А.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkhakushinov I.A., Lysenkov S.Р., Korchazhkina N.B., Muzhenya D.V., Tuguz A.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3346">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3346</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Аутофагия — эволюционный физиологический механизм самоочищения клетки. Использование ее положительных эффектов в восстановительной и профилактической медицине требует изучения этого процесса в условиях воздействия различных оздоравливающих факторов.Цель исследования. Исследование влияния гендерных, возрастных и соматоморфологических факторов на процессы аутофагии при проведении комплексной оздоровительной программы по уровню экспрессии маркерного белка Beclin‑1.Методы. Проведено проспективное наблюдательное исследование, основанное на наблюдении 107 пациентов до и после проведения комплекса оздоровительных процедур. Все принявшие участие в исследовании пациенты проходили оздоровительный курс в клинике общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Центр здоровье». Исследование проведено в периоды сентябрь — декабрь 2020 г. и январь 2021 г. Проведена оценка концентрации белка Beclin‑1 в крови до и через 12 дней после проведения оздоровительных процедур. Для характеристики степени активации процесса аутофагии введен показатель «дельтабеклин‑1» (разница между исходным уровнем концентрации белка Beclin‑1 и уровнем определенного через 12 дней). Направленность реакции аутофагии оценивалась в сторону повышения (положительное значение дельты-беклин‑1) либо снижения (отрицательное значение дельты-беклина‑1). Для оценки влияния комплекса оздоровительных процедур на функциональные системы организма проанализированы данные лабораторных исследований (клинический анализ крови, определение липидного спектра), морфометрическая оценка, а также оценка компонентов состава тела импедансометрическим методом. Полученные данные обработаны с использованием программного обеспечения SPSS Statistics 26.0 (IBM, США).Результаты. На основании изучения концентрации белка Beclin‑1 установлено, что исходная активность аутофагии снижается с возрастом и она статистически значимо ниже у лиц старше 60 лет по сравнению с лицами до 60 лет и здоровыми обследованными. У лиц с ожирением эта связь между возрастом оказалась более выражена (r = –0,59). Базовая активность аутофагии у мужчин на 30 % ниже, чем у женщин, однако после комплекса оздоровительных процедур указанная реакция у мужчин увеличилась на 7 %. Установлено, что не все пациенты реагировали на комплекс оздоровительных процедур (КОП) однонаправленно: из 77 пациентов у 49 человек выявлено увеличение концентрации белка Beclin‑1, а у 28 — снижение. У пациентов, участвовавших в КОП, выявлена отрицательная корреляционная связь уровня экспрессии белка Beclin‑1 с возрастом, а у лиц, реагирующих подъемом уровня белка Beclin‑1, — с индексом массы тела, весом и жировой массой. Предполагаемым источником активности аутофагии у мужчин в возрасте до 60 лет является жировая масса, а у женщин, особенно в зрелом возрасте II периода (36–60 лет), — тощая и мышечная масса.Заключение. Факторами, влияющими на базовую и индуцированную комплексом оздоровительных процедур аутофагию, являются возраст, гендерная принадлежность и масса тела. Указанные факторы имеют разную значимость в различные возрастные периоды. Комплексная оздоровительная программа может служить альтернативой существующим фармакологическим методам активации аутофагии у человека.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. Autophagy refers to an evolutionary physiological mechanism of cell self-purification. The use of its positive effects in regenerative and preventive medicine implies this process to be investigated under the conditions of various therapeutic factors.Objective. To investigate the influence of gender, age and somatic-morphological factors on the autophagy processes induced by a comprehensive wellness program as expressed by the marker protein Beclin-1.Methods. A prospective observational study involved 107 patients to be monitored before and after comprehensive wellness procedures. All study participants underwent a wellness program in the clinic of OOO Centr Zdorovie (Maykop, Russia). The study was conducted in the periods of September‒December 2020 and January 2021. The study involved measuring the concentration of Beclin-1 protein in the blood before and 12 days after the wellness procedures. In order to characterize the degree of activation of the autophagy process, the index “delta-Beclin-1” was introduced (difference between the initial level of Beclin-1 protein concentration and the level registered after 12 days). The autophagy response was evaluated in terms of its upward or downward direction (positive/negative delta- Beclin-1 value, respectively). The effect of the comprehensive wellness procedures on the functional systems of the organism was determined in accordance with the laboratory tests (complete blood count, lipid profile), morphometric evaluation, and the assessment of body composition by impedance monitoring. The obtained data were processed using SPSS Statistics 26.0 (IBM, USA).Results. Monitoring of Beclin-1 protein concentration revealed that basic autophagy activity is age-specific and significantly lower in individuals over 60 years as compared to both individuals under 60 years and healthy persons. This correlation with age appears more pronounced in obese individuals (r = -0.59). The basic activity of autophagy in men was 30% lower than in women, however, after a set of wellness procedures the mentioned response in men increased by 7%. The study found that not all patients responded unidirectionally to the comprehensive wellness procedures: 49 out of 77 patients showed an increase in Beclin-1 protein concentration, while 28 — a decrease. Patients who participated in the wellness program demonstrated negative correlation between the level of Beclin-1 protein expression and age, while those responding with an increase in Beclin-1 protein level — with body mass index, weight and fat mass. The source of autophagy activity in men under 60 years can refer to fat mass, and in women — lean body mass, especially in the mature age of period II (36‒60 years).Conclusion. The factors of basic autophagy and autophagy induced by the complex of wellness procedures include age, gender and body weight. These factors obtain different significance at different age periods. A comprehensive wellness program can serve as an alternative to existing pharmacological methods for activating autophagy in humans.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>Beclin-1</kwd><kwd>оздоровительная программа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>Beclin-1</kwd><kwd>wellness program</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohsumi Y. Historical landmarks of autophagy research. Cell Res. 2014;24(1):9–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2013.169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ohsumi Y. Historical landmarks of autophagy research. Cell Res. 2014;24(1):9–23. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2013.169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corti O, Blomgren K, Poletti A, Beart PM. 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