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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2025-32-2-55-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-3870</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. PREVENTIVE MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>COVID-19 как дополнительный фактор риска формирования основных неинфекционных заболеваний у взрослого населения: ретроспективное аналитическое описательное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COVID-19 as an additional risk factor for major non-communicable diseases in adults: A retrospective analytic descriptive study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-288X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галикеева</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galikeeva</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галикеева Ануза Шамиловна - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>ул. Воронцово Поле, д. 12, стр. 1, г. Москва, 105064</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anuza Sh. Galikeeva - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Leading Researcher</p><p>Vorontsovo Pole str., 12, bldg. 1, Moscow, 105064</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galikeeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6883-5260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахтямова</surname><given-names>С. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhtyamova</surname><given-names>S. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахтямова Сара Хайдаровна - кандидат медицинских наук, главный внештатный специалист по медицинской профилактике</p><p>ул. Пархоменко, д. 101, г. Уфа, 450005</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sara K. Akhtyamova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Chief Consultant</p><p>Parkhomenko str., 101, Ufa, 450005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-4372</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симонова Надежда Ивановна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор научно-исследовательского центра профпатологии и гигиены труда гражданской авиации</p><p>Шоссе Иваньковское, д. 7, г. Москва, 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda I. Simonova - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Research Center of Civil Aviation Pathology and Occupational Health</p><p>Ivan’kovskoe road, 7, Moscow, 125367</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5454-1318</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Идрисова</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Idrisova</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Идрисова Гульназа Булатовна - аспирант кафедры общественного здоровья и организации здравоохранения</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulnaza B. Idrisova - Postgraduate Student, Department of Public Health and Health Organization</p><p>Lenina str., 3, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-079X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иштуков</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishtukov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иштуков Роберт Ризович - первый заместитель министра здравоохранения</p><p>Тукаева, д. 23, г. Уфа, 450002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Robert R. Ishtukov - First Deputy Minister of Health</p><p>Tukaeva str., 23, Ufa, 450002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Национальный научно-исследовательский институт общественного здоровья имени Н.А. Семашко»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Республиканский центр общественного здоровья и медицинской профилактики»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное бюджетное учреждение «Центральная клиническая больница гражданской авиации»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Hospital of Civil Aviation<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Министерство здравоохранения Республики Башкортостан<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Галикеева А.Ш., Ахтямова С.Х., Симонова Н.И., Идрисова Г.Б., Иштуков Р.Р., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галикеева А.Ш., Ахтямова С.Х., Симонова Н.И., Идрисова Г.Б., Иштуков Р.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galikeeva A.S., Akhtyamova S.K., Simonova N.I., Idrisova G.B., Ishtukov R.R.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3870">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3870</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Пандемия COVID‑19 значительно усугубила проблему распространенности основных неинфекционных заболеваний, которые в последние годы стали объектом повышенного внимания отечественных и зарубежных исследователей, и представляет собой серьезную медико-социальную проблему, имеющую большое значение для здоровья населения. Многообразие системных поражений и различных расстройств, а также полиорганных нарушений у пациентов, перенесших COVID‑19, требует тщательного анализа. Одним из ключевых разделов профилактической деятельности медицинских организаций является проведение диспансеризации населения, включая лиц, перенесших коронавирусную инфекцию. Эта мера позволяет получить важную информацию о распространении неинфекционных заболеваний и дает возможность оценить степень вовлеченности граждан в программу и их приверженность принципам здорового образа жизни.Цель исследования — изучить распространенность основных неинфекционных заболеваний среди населения до пандемии, в период пандемии и после ее завершения.Методы. Проведено ретроспективное аналитическое описательное исследование показателей первичной и общей заболеваемости основными неинфекционными заболеваниями населения Республики Башкортостан в динамике за период с 2013 по 2023 г. по данным государственной статистики: сведения о численности населения Республики Башкортостан соответствующих лет; данные форм отраслевой статистической отчетности «Сведения о диспансеризации определенных групп взрослого населения» № 131/о; а также на основании сведений, содержащихся в формах федерального статистического наблюдения № 12 «Сведения о числе заболеваний, зарегистрированных у пациентов, проживающих в районе обслуживания медицинской организации». Проведена оценка динамики заболеваемости населения хроническими неинфекционными болезнями по данным обращаемости в медицинские организации, по результатам профилактического медицинского осмотра и диспансеризации. Основными показателями исследования являлись общая заболеваемость по обращаемости на 100 тыс. населения и первичная заболеваемость по обращаемости на 100 тыс. населения, удельный вес населения, прошедшего диспансеризацию, показатель наглядности, динамика заболеваемости, темп прироста (убыли) заболеваемости по всем классам болезней и основным неинфекционным заболеваниям, таким как новообразования, болезни системы кровообращения, болезни органов дыхания и болезни эндокринной системы. Оценка результатов диспансеризации проведена по показателю выявленной заболеваемости болезнями системы кровообращения на 100 тыс. населения и показателю первичной выявленной заболеваемости болезнями системы кровообращения на 100 тыс. населения. В рамках исследования был применен метод статистического анализа динамических рядов. Статистическая обработка результатов проведена с использованием программных пакетов Microsoft Office Excel 2021 (Microsoft, США).Результаты. В период с 2013 по 2023 год среди населения Республики Башкортостан наблюдалось увеличение количества патологий сердечно-сосудистой системы, выявленных в процессе диспансеризации населения. В ранний постковидный период, с 2021 по 2023 год, доля впервые выявленных случаев заболеваний системы кровообращения выросла, темп прироста составил +197,6 %. Анализ всех случаев неинфекционных заболеваний, зарегистрированных с 2017 по 2022 год, по данным обращаемости, позволил установить, что общая заболеваемость взрослого населения за исследуемый период выросла по всем классам болезней, с темпом прироста +20,1 %. Уровень первичной заболеваемости неинфекционными заболеваниями увеличился, темп прироста составил +32,6 %. Чаще всего пациенты обращались за медицинской помощью по причине заболеваний органов дыхания (темп прироста показателя +35,5 %). Увеличилось число впервые в жизни установленных случаев заболеваний органов дыхания (темп прироста +43,8 %). Показатель общей заболеваемости болезнями системы кровообращения увеличился с темпом прироста +32,2 %, первичная заболеваемость с темпом прироста +22,0 %. В ранний постковидный период наблюдалось увеличение удельного веса обращений по поводу новообразований, в том числе первичных обращений, с темпом прироста +21,2 %. Также определен рост первичных обращений населения по поводу болезней эндокринной системы (темп прироста +19,6 %).Заключение. Новая коронавирусная инфекция является дополнительным фактором риска формирования основных неинфекционных заболеваний у взрослого населения и обуславливает их повышенную распространенность. Постковидные изменения могут возникнуть независимо от тяжести перенесенного заболевания, в том числе и у ранее практически здоровых лиц.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. In recent years, major non-communicable diseases have become the focus of increased attention from domestic and foreign researchers. The problem of the spread of these diseases exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic represents a serious medical and social problem to public health. The variety of systemic lesions and various disorders, as well as multisystemic disorders in patients who have undergone COVID-19, requires careful analysis. One of the key preventive measures taken by medical organizations includes conducting a health check-up of the population, including those who have undergone coronavirus infection. This measure provides important information on the spread of non-communicable diseases and makes it possible to assess the extent to which citizens are engaged in the program and committed to a healthy lifestyle.Objectives. Examine the spread of non-communicable diseases in the population before, during, and after the pandemic.Methods. A retrospective analytical descriptive study of primary disease and overall incidences of the major non-communicable diseases in the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan was carried out in dynamics for the period from 2013 to 2023 using the state statistics: data on the population number of the Republic of Bashkortostan of the corresponding years; data from the No. 131/o sectoral statistical reporting “Data on the health check-up of certain groups of the adult population”; data contained in the No. 12 forms of federal statistical monitoring “Data on the disease incidence registered in patients living in the service area of the medical organization”. The dynamics of the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases was assessed using the data on population seeking medical treatment and the results of preventive medical examinations and health check-ups. The main indicators of the study were: the overall incidence per 100,000 population and the primary disease incidence per 100,000 population (both seeking medical treatment); the proportion of the population who underwent a health check-up; the visibility indicator; incidence dynamics; the rate of increase (decrease) in incidence for all classes of diseases and major non-communicable diseases, such as neoplasms, circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, and endocrine diseases. The results of health check-ups were assessed by detected circulatory diseases per 100,000 population and primary detected circulatory diseases per 100,000 population. In this study, the method of statistical analysis of dynamic series was used. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel 2021 (Microsoft, USA).Results. An increase in the number of pathologies of the cardiovascular system detected during health check-ups was observed in the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan from 2013 to 2023. In the early post-COVID-19 period of 2021–2023, the share of first-time detected circulatory diseases increased, and the rate of increase amounted to +197.6%. Based on the statistics, analysis of all cases of non-communicable diseases registered from 2017 to 2022 made it possible to conclude that the overall incidence of the adult population during the studied period increased in all classes of diseases with an increase rate of +20.1%. The primary disease incidence of non-communicable diseases increased, and the rate of increase amounted to +32.6%. In most cases, patients sought medical treatment for respiratory diseases (the rate of increase amounted to +35.5%). The number of first-time detected respiratory diseases increased (the rate of increase amounted to +43.8%). The overall incidence of circulatory diseases increased with the rate of increase of +32.2% and the primary disease incidence increased with the rate of increase of +22.0%. The early post-COVID-19 period saw an increase in the share of the population seeking medical treatment for neoplasms, including primary medical treatment (the rate of increase amounted to +21.2%). An increase in primary medical treatment for endocrine diseases was also determined (the rate of increase amounted to +19.6%).Conclusion. A new coronavirus infection represents an additional risk factor for major non-communicable diseases in the adult population and encourages their rapid spread. Post-COVID-19 changes can affect the population regardless of the severity of the previous diseases, including those individuals who haven’t been ill before.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронические неинфекционные заболевания</kwd><kwd>COVID-19 как фактор риска</kwd><kwd>диспансеризация населения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic non-communicable diseases</kwd><kwd>COVID-19 as a risk factor</kwd><kwd>population health check-up</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Callard F, Perego E. How and why patients made Long Covid. Soc Sci Med. 2021;268:113426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Callard F, Perego E. How and why patients made Long Covid. 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