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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2025-32-4-33-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-3963</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности патогенетических механизмов гиперпигментаций кожи: когортное проспективное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenetic mechanisms of skin hyperpigmentation: A cohort prospective study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2926-8113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глушкова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glushkova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глушкова Мария Владимировна - аспирант кафедры кожных и венерических болезней, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344022;</p><p>научный руководитель отделения дерматологии и врачебной косметологии клиники, ул. Толмачева, д. 117, ком. 4, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344090</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Glushkova - Postgraduate Student, Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Nakhichevansky lane, 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022;</p><p>Scientific Head of the Department of Dermatology and Medical Cosmetology, Tolmacheva str., 117, comp. 4, Rostov-on-Don, 344090</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhu-zhu0589@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-986X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саркисян</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sarkisian</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саркисян Олег Грачикович - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой общей и клинической биохимии № 1, </p><p>пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg G. Sarkisian - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of General and Clinical Biochemistry No. 1, </p><p>Nakhichevansky lane, 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7387-2497</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидоренко</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorenko</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сидоренко Ольга Анатольевна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой кожных и венерическихболезней,</p><p>пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga A. Sidorenko - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases,</p><p>Nakhichevansky lane, 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ростовский&#13;
государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Давинчи групп»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Davinci Group LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ростовский&#13;
государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>33</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Глушкова М.В., Саркисян О.Г., Сидоренко О.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Глушкова М.В., Саркисян О.Г., Сидоренко О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Glushkova M.V., Sarkisian O.G., Sidorenko O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3963">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3963</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Приобретенные гиперпигментации кожи патогенетически связаны с повышенной активностью меланоцитов и синтезом меланина, а также с насыщением им соседних кератиноцитов. Однако вопрос молекулярных механизмов возникновения не раскрыт в полной мере. Для поддержания повышенного клеточного метаболизма и синтетического процесса в ходе меланогенеза требуется большое количество энергии и пластических субстратов для построения клеточных мембран. Таким образом, представлялось актуальным изучить газотранспортную функцию эритроцитов крови и уровней липопротеидов различных классов в сыворотке крови у пациентов с гиперпигментацией с целью выявления их возможного вклада в патогенез данного состояния.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: выявить системные изменения показателей крови у пациентов с приобретенной гиперпигментацией кожи до и после лечения, а также оценить их возможный вклад в механизмы формирования кожной гиперпигментации.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В когортном проспективном исследовании приняли участие 50 женщин в возрасте 42–44 года, проживающих в г. Ростове-на-Дону, обратившихся за медицинской помощью в клинику общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Давинчи групп». Основная группа, 25 пациентов со средним возрастом 41,88 ± 1,45 года, имела гиперпигментацию и контрольная группа лиц со средним возрастом 41,84 ± 1,57 года не имела гиперпигментации, так как обратилась в клинику с косметологическими целями. Лабораторный этап исследований был проведен на базе лаборатории кафедры общей и клинической биохимии № 1 федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации. Образованы две группы (по 25 человек) по критерию наличия или отсутствия гиперпигментации. Целевым показателем исследования было скрининг липидного и холестеринового профилей в сыворотке крови, оценка уровня 2,3‑дифосфоглицерата и продуктов углеводного обмена в эритроцитах. Определение уровня общего холестерина, триацилглицеридов и липопротеидов высокой плотности осуществлялось ферментативным колориметрическим методом с использованием диагностических наборов «Chronolab AG» (Chronolab, Швейцария). Концентрация липопротеидов низкой плотности определялась турбидиметрическим методом, а липопротеидов очень низкой плотности рассчитывалась по формуле «концентрация триацилглицеридов / 5». Количественное определение уровня 2,3‑дифосфоглицерата проводилось методом неэнзиматического анализа в трихлоруксуснокислом фильтрате гемолизированных эритроцитов, а также концентрации лактата и пирувата — с использованием автоматизированного биохимического анализатора VitaLine‑200 («Витал Девелопмент Корпорэйшн», Россия). Собранную базу данных анализировали при помощи описательного и сравнительного статистического анализа в программе Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft, США). Различия считались статистически значимыми при p &lt; 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В ходе изучения метаболических особенностей обмена липопротеидов различных классов у пациентов с гиперпигментацией отмечалось повышение уровней отдельных классов липопротеидов по сравнению с контрольной группой. Статистически значимо повышался уровень концентрации общего холестерина, триацилглицеридов, а также отмечалась тенденция к снижению липопротеидов высокой плотности. Установлено, что медианное значение уровня общего холестерина в крови пациентов с гиперпигментацией достоверно превышает аналогичный показатель в контрольной группе на 22,2% относительно контроля (p = 0,003), а также статистически значимо увеличивается медиана концентрации триацилглицеридов относительно контроля (p = 0,032). У женщин с клиническими проявлениями гиперпигментации кожи выявлено снижение концентрации пирувата на 58,5% по сравнению с контрольной группой (p = 0,029), при этом зафиксировано значимое превышение уровня лактата на 193,9% относительно группы контроля (p &lt; 0,001). Статистически значимо повышался уровень лактата в основной группе после лечения по сравнению со значениями до лечения и приближался к контрольным значениям (р = 0,609). При этом медиана концентрации 2,3‑дифосфоглицерата в основной группе до лечения была больше по сравнению с медианой в контрольной группе, однако различие статистически не значимо (р = 0,139).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Установлено, что у пациентов с гиперпигментацией статистически значимо увеличен уровень отдельных классов липопротеидов, таких как триацилглицериды, и общего холестерина в крови. Изменения уровня концентрации указанных показателей свидетельствуют о постоянной потребности клеток в синтезе мембранных липидов и поддержании повышенного клеточного метаболизма, который необходим для повышенной регенерации эпидермиса. Полученные данные свидетельствуют об изменении приоритета распределении кислорода в клеточных структурах и тканях, что сопровождается значительным повышением уровня лактата и развитием локальной тканевой гипоксии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Acquired skin hyperpigmentation has a pathogenetic origin in the increased activity of melanocytes and melanin synthesis, as well as its saturation of neighboring keratinocytes. However, the issue of molecular mechanisms of occurrence is not fully disclosed. Maintenance of increased cellular metabolism and synthetic process during melanogenesis requires a large amount of energy and plastic substrates to build cell membranes. Thus, the gas transport function of blood erythrocytes and levels of lipoproteins of different classes in serum in patients with hyperpigmentation seemed relevant to study in order to identify their possible contribution to the pathogenesis of this condition.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. To identify systemic changes in blood parameters in patients with acquired skin hyperpigmentation before and after treatment as well as to assess their possible contribution to the mechanisms of skin hyperpigmentation formation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A cohort prospective study included 50 women aged 42–44 years, living in Rostov-on-Don, who sought medical care at the clinic of the Davinci Group LLC. The study group, 25 patients with a mean age of 41.88 ± 1.45 years, had hyperpigmentation, and the control group of individuals with a mean age of 41.84 ± 1.57 years did not have hyperpigmentation, having come to the clinic for cosmetic purposes. The laboratory stage of the study was conducted in a laboratory of the Department of General and Clinical Biochemistry No. 1 of the Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Two groups (25 people each) were formed according to the criterion of presence or absence of hyperpigmentation. The target parameters of the study were screening of lipid and cholesterol profiles in blood serum, and assessment of the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate level and products of carbohydrate metabolism in erythrocytes. Total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, and high-density lipoproteins were determined by enzymatic colorimetric method using a Chronolab AG diagnostic kits (Chronolab, Switzerland). The concentration of low-density lipoproteins was determined by turbidimetric method, while the concentration of very low-density lipoproteins was calculated with the “concentration of triacylglycerides / 5” formula. The level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was measured by non-enzymatic analysis in trichloroacetic acid filtrate of hemolyzed erythrocytes, while the concentration of lactate and pyruvate was determined using an automated biochemical analyzer VitaLine-200 (Vital Development Corporation, Russia). The collected database was analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical analysis in Statistica 12.0 software package (StatSoft, USA). Differences were considered statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The study of metabolic features of lipoprotein metabolism of different classes in patients with hyperpigmentation indicated an increase in the levels of certain classes of lipoproteins compared to the control group. A statistically significant increase in the concentration of total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, along with a tendency to a decrease in high-density lipoproteins were observed. The median value of the total cholesterol level in the blood of patients with hyperpigmentation was found to be significantly higher than in the control group by 22.2% relative to the control (p = 0.003), with a statistically significant increase in the median concentration of triacylglycerides relative to the control (p = 0.032). Women with clinical manifestations of skin hyperpigmentation showed a 58.5% decrease in pyruvate concentration compared to the control group (p = 0.029), whereas the lactate level was found to be 193.9% higher than in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The lactate level in the study group statistically significantly increased after treatment compared to the values before treatment thus approaching the control values (p = 0.609). Meanwhile, the median concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the study group before treatment was higher compared to the median in the control group, albeit the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.139).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients with hyperpigmentation were found to have statistically significantly increased levels of certain classes of lipoproteins, such as triacylglycerides, and total cholesterol in the blood. These changes indicate an ongoing need of cells for synthesis of membrane lipids and maintenance of increased cellular metabolism, which is required for increased regeneration of the epidermis. The obtained data reveal a change in the priority of oxygen distribution in cellular structures and tissues, followed by a significant increase in the level of lactate and the development of local tissue hypoxia.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперпигментации</kwd><kwd>липопротеиды</kwd><kwd>мелазма</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hyperpigmentation</kwd><kwd>lipoproteins</kwd><kwd>melasma</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muller B, Flament F, Jouni H, Sextius P, Tachon R, Wang Y, Wang H, Qiu H, Qiu J, Amar D, Delaunay C, Jablonski NG, Passeron T. A Bayesian network meta-analysis of 14 molecules inhibiting UV daylight-induced pigmentation. 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