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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2025-32-4-49-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-3981</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинические особенности синдрома Стивенса — Джонсона и токсического эпидермального некролиза: обсервационное когортное ретроспективное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical features of Stevens — Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: An observational cohort retrospective study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1662-821X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нуртдинова</surname><given-names>Г. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nurtdinova</surname><given-names>G. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нуртдинова Гузель Масхутовна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней, </p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Guzel M. Nurtdinova - Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics,</p><p>Lenina str., 3, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">guzel-doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3788-2284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галимова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galimova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галимова Елена Станиславовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней,</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena S. Galimova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics,</p><p>Lenina str., 3, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0292-0256</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучер</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kucher</surname><given-names>O. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кучер Ольга Ивановна - заведующий отделением аллергологии и иммунологии,</p><p>пр-д Лесной, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Kucher - Head of the Allergology and Immunology Department,</p><p> Lesnoy lane, 3, Ufa, 450071</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6600-2485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Газизова</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gazizova</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Газизова Динара Даниловна — ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней,</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dinara D. Gazizova — Assistant of the Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics, </p><p>Lenina str., 3, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7964-5923</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галяутдинов</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galyautdinov</surname><given-names>A. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галяутдинов Альфред Фиданович - лаборант-исследователь лаборатории аддитивных технологий,</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alfred F. Galyautdinov — Laboratory Researcher, Laboratory of Additive Technologies, </p><p>Lenina str., 3, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8674-2803</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хисматуллина</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khismatullina</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хисматуллина Зарема Римовна - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой дерматовенерологиис курсами дерматовенерологии и косметологии,</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zarema R. Khismatullina - Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Dermatovenerology with courses in dermatovenerology and cosmetology, </p><p>Lenina str., 3, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2386-6707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загидуллин</surname><given-names>Н. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagidullin</surname><given-names>N. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Загидуллин Науфаль Шамилевич - доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней,</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 3, г. Уфа, 450008</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Naufal Sh. Zagidullin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Medicine Propaedeutics,</p><p>Lenina str., 3, Ufa, 450008</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Башкирский&#13;
государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Республики Башкортостан «Городская клиническая&#13;
больница № 21 города Уфа»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 21 of Ufa</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Нуртдинова Г.М., Галимова Е.С., Кучер О.И., Газизова Д.Д., Галяутдинов А.Ф., Хисматуллина З.Р., Загидуллин Н.Ш., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Нуртдинова Г.М., Галимова Е.С., Кучер О.И., Газизова Д.Д., Галяутдинов А.Ф., Хисматуллина З.Р., Загидуллин Н.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nurtdinova G.M., Galimova E.S., Kucher O.I., Gazizova D.D., Galyautdinov A.F., Khismatullina Z.R., Zagidullin N.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3981">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/3981</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Синдром Стивенса — Джонсона и токсический эпидермальный некролиз являются тяжелыми заболеваниями с дистинктивным поражением слизистых оболочек и кожного покрова, характеризующимися возможным летальным исходом. Чаще всего возникновение и развитие этих заболеваний провоцируют разного рода инфекции и лекарственные средства. К наиболее частым лекарственным средствам, применение которых вызывает синдром Стивенса — Джонсона и токсический эпидермальный некролиз, относят нестероидные противовоспалительные средства, антибактериальные препараты, витамины группы В, противоэпилептические препараты и другие. Быстрая диагностика имеет важное значение для немедленного прекращения приема индуцирующего агента и начала лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить этиологические факторы, степень тяжести и летальность у госпитализированных пациентов с синдром Стивенса — Джонсона и токсическим эпидермальным некролизом.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведено обсервационное когортное ретроспективное исследование на основе анализа историй болезни 229 пациентов с синдромом Стивенса — Джонсона и токсическим эпидермальным некролизом, госпитализированных в аллергологическое отделение государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения Республики Башкортостан «Городская клиническая больница № 21 г. Уфа» в 2014–2023 гг. Диагноз «синдром Стивенса — Джонсона» и «токсический эпидермальный некролиз» устанавливался на основании комплекса исследований. Клиническими критериями синдрома Стивенса — Джонсона являлись острые состояния, характеризующиеся эрозиями слизистых оболочек и поражениями кожи (атипичные мишеневидные поражения, буллы и/или эрозии) с максимальным отслоением эпидермиса менее 10% от общей площади поверхности тела; для токсического эпидермального некролиза — максимальное отслоение эпидермиса более 30% от общей площади поверхности тела в дополнение к указанным выше симптомам. Случаи с максимальным отслоением эпидермиса 10–30% от общей площади поверхности тела были классифицированы как перекрытие синдрома Стивенса — Джонсона и токсического эпидермального некролиза. В группу исследования включены 229 пациентов, из них 44,1% мужчин и 55,9% женщин, в возрасте 45 (34; 61) лет. Пациенты были разделены на три группы: группа 1 (n = 83/229, 36%) — имели синдром Стивенса — Джонсона, группа 2 (n = 41/229; 18%) — сочетание синдрома Стивенса — Джонсона и токсического эпидермального некролиза, группа 3 (n = 105/229; 46%) — токсический эпидермальный некролиз. В рамках исследования у пациентов проанализированы следующие данные: демографическая информация (возраст и пол), анамнез болезни и сопутствующие состояния, предшествующее использование лекарств, оценивалось время между первым приемом причинного препарата и появлением симптомов всех исследуемых групп заболеваний. Для оценки тяжести течения и прогноза у больных с токсическим эпидермальным некролизом использовалась шкала SCORTEN (Score of Toxic Epidermal Necrosis). В данной группе больных также изучалась госпитальная летальность. Считали, что различия значимы, если р‑уровень отклонения нулевой гипотезы об их отсутствии не превышал 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Основными причинами развития заболеваний были лекарственные препараты — 127/229 (55%), среди которых превалировали антибиотики — 52/127 (41%), нестероидные противовоспалительные средства — 31/127 (24,4%), противосудорожные и антиретровирусные препараты, витамины группы В — по 6/127 (4,7%). Вторым по частоте регистрации триггером были вирусные инфекции — 34/229 (14,8%): вирусы простого герпеса 1-го и 2-го типов, иммунодефицита человека, Эпштейна — Барр и гепатитов. Не удалось установить этиологический фактор почти у трети пациентов — 66/229 (28,8%). Сроки манифестации симптомов зависели от типа реакции: токсический эпидермальный некролиз чаще развивался в первую неделю, синдром Стивенса — Джонсона манифестировал преимущественно на четвертой неделе. Большинство пациентов столкнулись с заболеваниями впервые, повторные проявления были зарегистрированы только у 21/229 (9,2%) больного. Клиническая картина включала поражения кожи — 229/229 (100%), гипертермию — 155/229 (67,7%,), эрозии слизистых рта — 201/229 (87,8%) и гениталий — 142/229 (62%), конъюнктивит — 162/229 (70,7%). Токсический эпидермальный некролиз ассоциировался с более тяжелым течением. Расчетная летальность для 105 пациентов с токсическим эпидермальным некролизом по шкале SCORTEN составила 21,38% (22 случая). Средний балл SCORTEN — 2,39 ± 0,59. Однако умерли 4 пациента (уровень летальности 4%). Все пациенты с летальным исходом имели оценку по шкале SCORTEN 4 балла.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Воздействие лекарственных средств и вирусная инфекция были более частой причиной развития токсического эпидермального некролиза, чем синдрома Стивенса — Джонсона и сочетания синдрома Стивенса — Джонсона с токсическим эпидермальным некролизом. При токсическом эпидермальном некролизе симптомы чаще развивались на 1‑й неделе после приема лекарственного препарата. Однако летальность пациентов составила 4% и была намного ниже расчетной (21,38%) согласно системе оценки SCORTEN, что может быть обусловлено быстрой диагностикой заболевания и своевременным оказанием медицинской помощи в условиях стационара.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Stevens — Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe diseases featuring lesions of the mucous membranes and skin, with a possible lethal outcome. These diseases are most often triggered by various infections and medications, e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibacterial drugs, B vitamins, antiepileptic drugs, etc. Early diagnosing is therefore critical for immediate discontinuation of the inducing agent and initiation of treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Objectives. To study etiologic factors, the severity level and mortality rate in hospitalized patients with Stevens — Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. An observational cohort retrospective study was conducted to analyze the case histories of 229 patients with Stevens — Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis hospitalized in the Allergology Department of the Municipal Clinical Hospital No. 21 in Ufa, in 2014–2023. The diagnoses of Stevens — Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis were established by complex investigations. The clinical criteria for Stevens — Johnson syndrome were acute conditions characterized by mucous membrane erosions and skin lesions (atypical michenoid lesions, bullae, and/or erosions) with maximum epidermal detachment of less than 10% of the total body surface area; for toxic epidermal necrolysis, maximum epidermal detachment of more than 30% of the total body surface area in addition to the above symptoms. Cases with maximum epidermal detachment of 10–30% of the total body surface area were classified as overlapping Stevens — Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The study group comprised 229 patients, including 44.1% men and 55.9% women, aged 45 (34; 61) years. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n = 83/229, 36%) had Stevens — Johnson syndrome, Group 2 (n = 41/229; 18%) had a combination of Stevens — Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, and Group 3 (n = 105/229; 46%) had toxic epidermal necrolysis. The data analyzed in patients in this study included demographic information (age and sex), medical history and comorbid conditions, prior medication use, and the time between the first administration of the causative drug and the onset of symptoms of all disease groups studied. The SCORTEN (Score of Toxic Epidermal Necrosis) scale was used to assess the severity of course and prognosis in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis. Hospital mortality was also studied in this group of patients. Differences were considered significant if the p-level of rejection of the null hypothesis of their absence did not exceed 0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The leading causes of disease development were medications, with a total of 127/229 (55%), among which antibiotics prevailed with 52/127 (41%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with 31/127 (24.4%), anticonvulsants, antiretrovirals, and B vitamins with 6/127 (4.7%) each. The second frequently registered trigger was viral infections, 34/229 (14.8%) including herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein — Barr, and hepatitis viruses. The etiologic factor could not be established in almost one third of patients, 66/229 (28.8%). Manifestation of symptoms depended on the type of reaction, with toxic epidermal necrolysis developing more often in the first week and Stevens — Johnson syndrome manifesting predominantly in the fourth week. Most patients experienced the diseases for the first time; recurrent manifestations were registered only in 21/229 (9.2%) patients. The clinical presentation included skin lesions 229/229 (100%), hyperthermia 155/229 (67.7%,), oral mucosal erosions 201/229 (87.8%) and genital erosions 142/229 (62%), and conjunctivitis 162/229 (70.7%). Toxic epidermal necrolysis was associated with a more severe course. The calculated mortality for 105 patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis according to the SCORTEN scale was 21.38% (22 cases). The mean SCORTEN score was 2.39 ± 0.59. However, 4 patients died (mortality rate 4%). All patients with lethal outcome were scored 4 on the SCORTEN scale.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Drug exposure and viral infection were more frequent causes of toxic epidermal necrolysis than Stevens — Johnson syndrome and the combination of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. In toxic epidermal necrolysis, symptoms more frequently developed in the 1st week after drug administration. However, the mortality rate of patients amounted to 4%, which was significantly lower than the estimated (21.38%) according to the SCORTEN scale. This may be due to early diagnosis of the disease and timely provision of medical care in the hospital.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>токсический эпидермальный некролиз</kwd><kwd>синдром Стивенса — Джонсона</kwd><kwd>лекарственная аллергия</kwd><kwd>многоформная экссудативная эритема</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>toxic epidermal necrolysis</kwd><kwd>Stevens — Johnson syndrome</kwd><kwd>drug allergy</kwd><kwd>multiform exudative erythema</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasegawa A, Abe R. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: Updates in pathophysiology and management. Chin Med J (Engl). 2024;137(19):2294–2307. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000003250</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasegawa A, Abe R. 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