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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2025-32-5-18-31</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-4084</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мультилокусные модели полиморфных генов и их роль в оценке риска хронического апикального периодонтита: проспективное одноцентровое исследование «случай-контроль»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Multilocus models of polymorphic genes and their role in assessing the risk of chronic apical periodontitis: A prospective single-center case control study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9627-8184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багрянцева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagryantseva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Багрянцева Наталья Владимировна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры клинической стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии № 1</p><p>ул. Революционная, д. 5, г. Ярославль, 150000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya V. Bagryantseva — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Department of Clinical Dentistry and Maxillofacial surgery No 1</p><p>Revolutsionnaya St., 5, Yaroslavl, 150000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nbogryanceva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>18</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Багрянцева Н.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Багрянцева Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bagryantseva N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4084">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4084</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Хронический апикальный периодонтит — это воспалительное заболевание, ассоциированное с инфекцией корневых каналов, которое представляет значительную проблему в стоматологии. Его распространенность стремительно растет среди взрослого населения. Заболеванию свойственна вариабельность воспалительных реакций и резорбция костной ткани. Генетические факторы играют центральную роль в патогенезе. Однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы оказывают значительное влияние на экспрессию генов и функциональную активность белков. Современные исследования подчеркивают необходимость интеграции генетических данных в клиническую стоматологию.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: определение роли межгенных ассоциаций ключевых генов модуляции воспалительных и иммунных реакций в наследственной предрасположенности к развитию хронического апикального периодонтита.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проспективное одноцентровое исследование «случай-контроль» проведено с ноября 2024 по апрель 2025 года на базе федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации и общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Медицинский центр диагностики и профилактики «Содружество». Участвовали 200 пациентов: 150 с хроническим апикальным периодонтитом и 50 здоровых (контроль). Диагноз подтвержден клинически и рентгенологически. Изучены однонуклеотидные полиморфизмы 8 генов: IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, GSTP1, CYP1A2, TP53, COL1A1, MMP-9 методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени. Статистический анализ выполнен с использованием программ JMP Pro v.18.0 (SAS Institute Inc., https://www.jmp.com, 2024), Haplostats v.1.9.7 (Schaid, D. J., &amp; Sinnwell, J. P., Software for haplotype-based association analysis, CШA) и MDR v.3.0.2 (Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction, Source Forge, США). Выявлялись наилучшие модели для различных сочетаний полиморфизмов, имеющие наибольший показатель согласованности (CVC) и наименьшую ошибку предсказания (Testing Balanced Accuracy). Критический уровень значимости при проверке статистических гипотез принимался равным 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследование выявило значимые межгенные взаимодействия, связанные с развитием хронического апикального периодонтита, с использованием MDR-анализа. Трехлокусная модель IL-1β×TNF-α×MMP-9 показала наибольшую прогностическую ценность (сбалансированная точность 79,8 %, перекрестная проверка 10/10), подчеркивая синергию воспалительных цитокинов и протеолитических процессов. Анализ равновесия Харди — Вайнберга выявил отклонения для CYP1A2 и TP53 в группе с хроническим апикальным периодонтитом, указывающие на влияние средовых факторов. Граф Фрюхтермана — Рейнгольда подтвердил сильное взаимодействие между IL-1β и TNF-α, тогда как COL1A1 демонстрировал умеренную связь. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о мультигенной природе предрасположенности к хроническому апикальному периодонтиту и открывают возможности для персонализированной диагностики и терапии, учитывающей комбинированный эффект генов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты исследования могут стать основой для разработки персонализированных стратегий диагностики и лечения, учитывающих генетический профиль пациентов. Интеграция таких подходов позволит улучшить прогнозирование течения заболевания, оптимизировать лечебные подходы и снизить риск развития осложнений патологического процесса.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Chronic apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with infection of the root canal and represents a major challenge in dentistry. Its prevalence is rapidly increasing among the adult population. The condition is characterized by variability in inflammatory responses and bone resorption. Genetic factors play a central role in its pathogenesis. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly affect gene expression and protein activity. Recent studies highlight the importance of integrating genetic data into clinical dentistry.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To determine the role of intergenic associations of key genes involved in the modulation of inflammatory and immune responses in hereditary predisposition to chronic apical periodontitis.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A prospective single-center case control study was conducted from November 2024 to April 2025 at the Yaroslavl State Medical University (Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) and the Medical Center for Diagnostics and Prevention “Sodruzhestvo.” The study involved 200 participants: 150 patients with chronic apical periodontitis and 50 healthy controls. The diagnosis was confirmed clinically and radiographically. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of eight genes (IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α, GSTP1, CYP1A2, TP53, COL1A1, and MMP-9) were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using JMP Pro v.18.0 (SAS Institute Inc., https://www.jmp.com, 2024), Haplostats v.1.9.7 (Schaid, D.J., &amp; Sinnwell, J.P., Software for haplotype-based association analysis, USA), and MDR v.3.0.2 (Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction, SourceForge, USA). The optimal models were identified based on the highest cross-validation consistency (CVC) and lowest testing balanced accuracy error. The significance level was set at p &lt; 0.05. Results. MDR analysis revealed significant intergenic interactions associated with the development of chronic apical periodontitis. The three-locus model IL-1β×TNF-α×MMP-9 demonstrated the highest predictive value (balanced accuracy 79.8%, cross-validation consistency 10/10), highlighting the synergistic effect of inflammatory cytokines and proteolytic processes. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed deviations for CYP1A2 and TP53 in the chronic apical periodontitis group, suggesting an influence of environmental factors. The Fruchterman—Reingold graph confirmed a strong interaction between IL-1β and TNF-α, whereas COL1A1 displayed a moderate association. These findings indicate the multigenic nature of predisposition to chronic apical periodontitis and enable personalized diagnostics and therapy based on the combined genetic effects.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of this study may lay a foundation for developing personalized diagnostic and treatment strategies that account for individual genetic profiles. Integrating such approaches into clinical practice could improve disease outcome prediction, optimize therapeutic interventions, and reduce the risk of complications related to the pathological process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>периодонтит</kwd><kwd>генотипирование</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>ассоциации</kwd><kwd>экстрацеллюлярный матрикс</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>genetic typing</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>associations</kwd><kwd>extracellular matrix</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">автор выражает благодарность за помощь в организации и проведении исследования генеральному директору общества с ограниченной ответственностью «Медицинский центр диагностики и профилактики «Содружество» кандидату медицинских наук Крюковой Татьяне Вадимовне и заместителю генерального директора по науке кандидату медицинских наук Мельниковой Екатерине Владимировне.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The author is grateful to Tatyana Vadimovna Kryukova, Doctor of Medical Science and CEO of the Center for Diagnostics and Prevention “Sodruzhestvo”, Ltd., and to Yekaterina Vladimirovna Melnikova, Doctor of Medical Science and deputy director.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inchingolo F, Martelli FS, Gargiulo Isacco C, Borsani E, Cantore S, Corcioli F, Boddi A, Nguyễn KCD, De Vito D, Aityan SK, Pham VH, Dipalma G, Ballini A. 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