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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2026-33-3-31-46</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-4280</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности нарушений ритма сердца у пациентов на программном гемодиализе как предиктор неблагоприятных исходов: пилотное проспективное обсервационное когортное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cardiac arrhythmias in patients on scheduled hemodialysis as predictors of adverse outcomes: A pilot prospective observational cohort study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-4319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаишева</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaisheva</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хаишева Лариса Анатольевна — доктор медицинских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой терапии с курсом поликлиническойтерапии, декан факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки специалистов</p><p>пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa A. Khaisheva — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head of the Internal Medicine Department with a Course in Outpatient Therapy, Dean of the Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining</p><p>Nakhichevansky Lane, 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katelnitskay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-2711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лихачев-Мищенко</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Likhachev-Mishchenko</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лихачев-Мищенко Олег Валерьевич — аритмолог, сосудистый хирург (ангиохирург) клиники «Люди»</p><p>ул. Тельмана, д. 110, стр. 1, комн. 4, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344000</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Likhachev-Mishchenko — arrhythmologist, vascular surgeon, Medical Clinic Lyudi </p><p>Telmana str., 110, bldg. 1, office 4, Rostov-on-Don, 344000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Gelo2007@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2904-0914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Литвинова Марина Сергеевна — кандидат медицинскихнаук, ассистент кафедры терапии с курсом поликлинической терапии, декан факультета повышения квалификации и профессиональной переподготовки специалистов ; врач-кардиолог </p><p>пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344022; пер. Доломановский, д. 70/3, г. Ростов-на-Дону, 344011</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina S. Litvinova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Teaching Assistant, Internal Medicine Department with a Course in Outpatient Therapy, Dean of the Faculty of Advanced Training and Professional Retraining; cardiologist </p><p>Nakhichevansky Lane, 29, Rostov-on-Don, 344022; 70/3, Rostov-on-Don, 344011</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">litvinova.m.803@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Общество с ограниченной ответственностью «Привилегия»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>“Privilegiya” LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение Ростовской области «Клинико-диагностический центр «Здоровье»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Clinical and Diagnostic Center Zdorovye</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>46</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хаишева Л.А., Лихачев-Мищенко О.В., Литвинова М.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хаишева Л.А., Лихачев-Мищенко О.В., Литвинова М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khaisheva L.A., Likhachev-Mishchenko O.V., Litvinova M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4280">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4280</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания являются основной причиной смертности среди пациентов, находящихся на гемодиализе, при этом до 40% летальных исходов связаны с внезапной сердечной смертью. Ключевым фактором риска внезапной сердечной смерти выступают нарушения ритма сердца. Данные о распространенности аритмий и их роли в прогнозе у пациентов, получающих заместительную почечную терапию, остаются противоречивыми.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: провести анализ данных 48‑часового мониторирования электрокардиограммы в различные периоды диализного цикла, оценить частоту развития неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий у больных на хроническом гемодиализе за пятилетний период и сравнить полученные результаты.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. Проведено пилотное проспективное обсервационное когортное исследование (2014–2025 гг.). Включены 88 пациентов ≥18 лет, находившихся на программном гемодиализе ≥6 месяцев. Критериями исключения служили ранее диагностированные нарушения ритма сердца, тяжелая сердечно-сосудистая и сопутствующая патология. В первый день недели диализного цикла (вторник/среда, после междиализного промежутка) пациентам выполнено 48‑часовое холтеровское мониторирование с анализом 12 периодов по 4 часа. Четырехчасовой интервал «1–4 часа» полностью соответствовал процедуре гемодиализа. Регистрация начиналась за 15 минут до подключения к аппарату. Последующее проспективное наблюдение составило 64 [61; 67] месяца. Проведено комплексное лабораторное обследование. Рукопись подготовлена в соответствии с рекомендациями STROBE. Статистический анализ выполнен в среде Python (Python Software Foundation, США) и Statistica, v.12.0 (StatSoft, США) с использованием непараметрических методов, ROC-анализа (с разделением на обучающую 70% и тестовую 30% выборки), регрессионных моделей, а также коррекции p‑значений по методу Холма для множественных сравнений. Уровень значимости — p &lt; 0,05 после коррекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Обнаружена циклическая динамика аритмий, зависящая от фазы диализного цикла. В интрадиализный период (первые 4 часа) преобладали наджелудочковые нарушения: наджелудочковая экстрасистолия отмечалась у 100% пациентов, пароксизмы фибрилляции предсердий — у 25,0%. В междиализный день (24–48 ч) возрастала частота и сложность желудочковых аритмий: количество пациентов с высокими градациями желудочковой экстрасистолии по Lown увеличилось с 51,1 до 63,6%, появились эпизоды неустойчивой желудочковой тахикардии. Общая 5‑летняя летальность составила 40,9%, из них 66,7% обусловлены сердечно-сосудистыми причинами. С помощью ROC-анализа (обучающая выборка, n = 62) определен пороговый уровень наджелудочковой экстрасистолии (&gt;18,9 эпизода за 4 часа), ассоциированный с летальностью (чувствительность 0,65, специфичность 0,60, AUC = 0,623). При проверке на тестовой выборке (n = 26) чувствительность составила 0,58, специфичность — 0,62, AUC = 0,581. Наличие пароксизмов фибрилляции предсердий в интрадиализный период ассоциировалось с повышением риска смерти (ОШ = 19,62; 95% ДИ: 2,38–161,67; p = 0,001), высокая плотность наджелудочковой экстрасистолии (&gt;18,9) — с увеличением шанса смерти в 3,34 раза (ОШ = 3,34; 95% ДИ: 1,37–8,12; p = 0,0068).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Процедура гемодиализа является критическим периодом для возникновения проаритмогенных состояний. Ввиду пилотного характера исследования полученные данные следует рассматривать как гипотетико-генерирующие. Фибрилляция предсердий и высокая плотность наджелудочковой экстрасистолии (&gt;18,9 эпизода за 4 часа), зарегистрированные во время сеанса диализа, являются многообещающими маркерами повышенного риска смерти в течение 5 лет, однако требуют обязательной валидации в более крупных независимых когортах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among hemodialysis patients, with up to 40% of deaths attributed to sudden cardiac death. A major risk factor contributing to this event is cardiac arrhythmia. However, data on the prevalence of arrhythmias and their role in the prognosis of patients receiving renal replacement therapy remain controversial.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To analyze 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiography data across different phases of the dialysis cycle, assess the five-year incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in patients on maintenance hemodialysis, and compare the obtained results.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. A pilot prospective observational cohort study was conducted (2014–2025), enrolling 88 patients aged 18 years or older on maintenance hemodialysis for at least six months. Exclusion criteria were defined as a history of cardiac arrhythmias, severe cardiovascular diseases, and severe comorbidities. On the first day of the dialysis cycle (Tuesday/Wednesday, following the interdialytic interval), participants underwent 48-hour Holter monitoring analyzed across 12 fourhour periods. The 1–4 h window fully corresponded to the hemodialysis procedure, with data collection initiated 15 minutes prior to the patient’s connection to the machine. The subsequent prospective follow-up lasted 64 [61; 67] months and included comprehensive laboratory testing. This manuscript was prepared in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed using Python (Python Software Foundation, USA) and Statistica, v.12.0 (StatSoft, USA) via nonparametric methods, ROC analysis (with a 70/30 train-test split), regression modeling, and Holm’s correction for multiple comparisons. The level of significance was set at p &lt; 0.05 after correction.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Arrhythmias were found to have a cyclical pattern that depended on the phase of the dialysis cycle. The intradialytic period (first 4 h) was predominated by supraventricular arrhythmias: supraventricular extrasystoles were observed in 100% of patients, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was noted in 25.0%. On the interdialytic day (24–48 h), the frequency and complexity of ventricular arrhythmias increased: the number of patients with high Lown grades of ventricular extrasystoles increased from 51.1% to 63.6%; episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia emerged. The overall five-year case fatality rate was 40.9%, of which 66.7% were due to cardiovascular causes. ROC analysis (training sample, n = 62) was used to determine the threshold level of supraventricular extrasystoles (&gt; 18.9 episodes per 4 h) associated with death (sensitivity 0.65, specificity 0.60, AUC = 0.623). For the test sample (n = 26), sensitivity was 0.58, specificity was 0.62, and AUC was 0.581. The presence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation during the intradialytic period was associated with an increased risk of death (OR = 19.62; 95% CI: 2.38 to 161.67; p = 0.001), and a high burden of supraventricular extrasystoles (&gt; 18.9) was associated with a 3.34-fold increased risk of death (OR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.37 to 8.12; p = 0.0068).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The hemodialysis procedure is a critical period for the development of proarrhythmic conditions. Given the pilot nature of this study, the findings should be considered hypothesis-generating. Atrial fibrillation and a high burden of supraventricular extrasystoles (&gt; 18.9 episodes per 4 hours) recorded during a dialysis session are promising markers of an increased risk of death within five years; however, they require mandatory validation in larger independent cohorts. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd><kwd>нарушения ритма сердца</kwd><kwd>внезапная сердечная смерть</kwd><kwd>фибрилляция предсердий</kwd><kwd>холтеровское мониторирование ЭКГ</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистая смертность</kwd><kwd>прогностические факторы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>cardiac arrhythmias</kwd><kwd>sudden cardiac death</kwd><kwd>atrial fibrillation</kwd><kwd>Holter ECG monitoring</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular mortality</kwd><kwd>prognostic factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилов Е.М., Шилова М.М., Румянцева Е.И., Батюшин М.М., Бевзенко А.Ю., Бельских А.Н., Веселкова Н.В., Есаян А.М., Ивлиев С.В., Котенко О.Н., Петрова Н.Ю., Стаценко М.Е., Столяр А.Г. 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