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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ksma</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Кубанский научный медицинский вестник</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1608-6228</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9544</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Kuban State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25207/1608-6228-2026-33-3-15-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ksma-4325</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика длины теломер лейкоцитов на фоне комплексных программ кардиоонкологической реабилитации у пациенток, перенесших рак молочной железы: пилотное рандомизированное проспективное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes in leukocyte telomere length following comprehensive cardio-oncology rehabilitation in breast cancer survivors: A pilot randomized prospective study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-3416</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виценя</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vitsenya</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виценя Марина Вячеславна — кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела амбулаторных лечебно-диагностических технологий</p><p>ул. Академика Чазова, д. 1. 15а, г. Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Vitsenya — Cand. Sci. (Med.), Senior Researcher, Department of Outpatient Therapeutic and Diagnostic Technologies</p><p>Akademika Chazova str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinavitsenya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3753-1860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баринова Ирина Владимировна — кандидат медицинских наук, врач-кардиолог отделения кардиореабилитации</p><p>ул. Академика Чазова, д. 1. 15а, г. Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Barinova — Cand. Sci. (Med.), cardiologist, Cardiac Rehabilitation Department</p><p>Akademika Chazova str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-6463</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дорощук</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Doroshchuk</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дорощук Наталья Александровна — кандидат медицинских наук, врач-генетик, заведующий кабинетом медико-генетического консультирования консультативно-диагностического центра</p><p>ул. Академика Чазова, д. 1. 15а, г. Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya A. Doroshchuk — Sci. (Med.), geneticist, Head of the Genetic Counseling Service, Consultation and Diagnostic Center</p><p>Akademika Chazova str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-7955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанова</surname><given-names>З. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanova</surname><given-names>Z. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хасанова Зухра Биляловна — младший научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинской генетики Института экспериментальной кардиологии им. академика В.Н. Смирнова, врач-генетик кабинет медико-генетического консультирования консультативно-диагностический центр </p><p>ул. Академика Чазова, д. 1. 15а, г. Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zukhra B. Khasanova — Research Assistant, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Smirnov Institute of Experimental Cardiology; geneticist, Genetic Counseling Service, Consultation and Diagnostic Center</p><p>Akademika Chazova str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0900-2331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролкова</surname><given-names>О. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolkova</surname><given-names>O. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролкова Ольга Олеговна — врач-кардиолог отделения терапии и функциональной диагностики</p><p>д. 27, стр. 1–30, с. Истра, 143515</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga O. Frolkova — cardiologist, Department of Therapy and Functional Diagnostics</p><p>27, bldg. 1–30, Istra, 143515</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4165-804X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Погосова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pogosova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Погосова Нана Вачиковна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент Академии российских наук, заместитель генерального директора по научно-аналитической работе и профилактической кардиологии, руководитель лаборатории профилактической кардиологии</p><p>ул. Академика Чазова, д. 1. 15а, г. Москва, 121552</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Goar-Nana V. Pogosova — Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., CorrespondingMember of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director forScientific and Analytical Work and Preventive Cardiology, Head ofthe Laboratory of Preventive Cardiology</p><p>Akademika Chazova str., 15A, Moscow, 121552</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр кардиологии имени академика Е.И. Чазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Cardiology named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения города Москвы «Московская городская онкологическая больница № 62 Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62, Moscow City Health Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Виценя М.В., Баринова И.В., Дорощук Н.А., Хасанова З.Б., Фролкова О.О., Погосова Н.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Виценя М.В., Баринова И.В., Дорощук Н.А., Хасанова З.Б., Фролкова О.О., Погосова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vitsenya M.V., Barinova I.V., Doroshchuk N.A., Khasanova Z.B., Frolkova O.O., Pogosova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4325">https://ksma.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/4325</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Кардиоваскулотоксичное противоопухолевое лечение способствует повышению сердечно-сосудистого риска и может усугублять клеточное старение у больных раком молочной железы. Кардиоонкологическая реабилитация является перспективной стратегией снижения сердечно-сосудистого риска у пациенток, перенесших рак молочной железы. Длина теломер лейкоцитов рассматривается как интегральный маркер биологического старения, сердечно-сосудистого риска и ответа на вмешательства в образ жизни.</p><p>Цель исследования — сравнительная оценка эффективности очной и дистанционной программ кардиоонкологической реабилитации по их влиянию на длину теломер лейкоцитов у пациенток, перенесших рак молочной железы.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В пилотное одноцентровое рандомизированное проспективное исследование включены 90 женщин, перенесших рак молочной железы, средний возраст составил 50,7 ± 8,9 года. Пациентки рандомизированы в 3 параллельные группы по 30 человек: очного участия в программе кардиоонкологической реабилитации (очная группа), дистанционного участия в программе кардиоонкологической реабилитации (дистанционная группа) в течение 3‑х месяцев и контрольная группа — наблюдение в условиях обычной клинической практики. Исходно и через 6 месяцев оценили клиническое состояние, длину теломер лейкоцитов методом полимеразно-цепной реакции в реальном времени, выполнили электрокардиограмму с физической нагрузкой, в том числе кардиореспираторный нагрузочный тест с оценкой уровня кардиореспираторной выносливости по пиковому потреблению кислорода (VO2 пик) (n = 53).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исходно в общей выборке более старший возраст (β = –0,259; p = 0,021), наличие артериальной гипертензии (β = –4,529; p = 0,019) и ожирение (β = –5,804; p = 0,023) ассоциировались с меньшей длиной теломер лейкоцитов, тогда как более высокий уровень VO2 пик (β = 1,049; p = 0,004) — с большей длиной теломер лейкоцитов. Уровень VO2 пик статистически значимо ассоциировался с длиной теломер лейкоцитов в многофакторных регрессионных моделях. Исходно группы сравнения статистически значимо не различались по основным изученным показателям. За 6 месяцев наблюдения из исследования выбыли 23 пациентки. Через 6 месяцев в обеих группах кардиоонкологической реабилитации отмечалась положительная динамика длины теломер лейкоцитов, при этом в дистанционной группе увеличение длины теломер лейкоцитов было статистически значимым (p = 0,008), тогда как в очной группе имело характер тенденции (p = 0,075). В контрольной группе длина теломер лейкоцитов существенно не изменялась (р = 0,579). Среднее значение длины теломер лейкоцитов к окончанию периода наблюдения в контрольной группе было значимо меньше, чем в очной группе (разница средних –6,9 (95% доверительный интервал (ДИ): –12,5… –1,4) относительных единиц (о. е.), р = 0,015) и дистанционной группе (разница средних –5,4 (95% ДИ: –10,5…–0,4) о. е., р = 0,035). Разница средних Δ длины теломер лейкоцитов за 6 мес. наблюдения между дистанционной и контрольной группами составила –5,3 (95% ДИ: –10,0…–0,7) о. е., р = 0,025, между очной и контрольной группами — –5,6 (95% ДИ: –11,6…0,4) о. е., р = 0,066. Участие в программах кардиоонкологической реабилитации статистически значимо ассоциировано с большей вероятностью удлинения теломер после завершения наблюдения у пациенток, пролеченных по поводу рака молочной железы: отношение шансов (ОШ) 4,694 (95% ДИ 1,436–15,350), р = 0,011. Исходно большие значения индекса массы тела снижали (ОШ при значении индекса ≥ 25 кг/м2 — 0,026 (95% ДИ: 0,002–0,433), р = 0,011), тогда как увеличение кардиореспираторной выносливости повышало (ОШ для Δ VO2 пик &gt; 1,9 мл/кг/мин — 14,788 (95%ДИ: 1,125–194,473, р = 0,040) вероятность удлинения теломер пациенток, участвовавших в программах кардиоонкологической реабилитации. Исходный индекс массы тела и Δ VO2пик явились независимыми предикторами увеличения длины теломер лейкоцитов.</p></sec><sec><title> Заключение</title><p> Заключение. У женщин, перенесших рак молочной железы, программа кардиоонкологической реабилитации с дистанционной поддержкой может быть не менее эффективной, чем очная программа, по влиянию на динамику длины теломер. Полученные результаты демонстрируют потенциал использования длины теломер лейкоцитов в качестве генетического маркера эффективности реабилитационных вмешательств в данной популяции и нуждаются в подтверждении в более крупных исследованиях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Cardiotoxic anticancer treatment increases cardiovascular risk and may exacerbate cellular senescence in breast cancer patients. Cardio-oncology rehabilitation can be a promising strategy to reduce this risk in breast cancer survivors. In this regard, leukocyte telomere length is considered an integral marker for tracking biological aging, cardiovascular risk, and response to lifestyle interventions.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To compare the efficacy of in-person and telehealth cardio-oncology rehabilitation programs regarding their effect on leukocyte telomere length in female breast cancer survivors.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. This pilot single-center randomized prospective study included 90 female breast cancer survivors (mean age: 50.7 ± 8.9 years). The patients were randomized into three parallel groups of 30 participants each, with two groups assigned to 3-month cardio-oncology rehabilitation (in-person or telehealth) and the third (control) group receiving routine clinical care. At baseline and 6 months, clinical status evaluation and leukocyte telomere length measurement via real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed. Additionally, patients underwent exercise electrocardiography, including cardiopulmonary exercise testing with assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness via peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak, n = 53).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the total baseline sample, older age (β = −0.259; p = 0.021), hypertension (β = −4.529; p = 0.019), and obesity (β = −5.804; p = 0.023) were associated with shorter telomeres, whereas a higher VO2 peak level (β = 1.049; p = 0.004) was linked to longer telomeres. The VO2 peak level was statistically significantly associated with leukocyte telomere length in multivariable regression models. At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the main examined parameters. Over the 6-month follow-up period, 23 patients dropped out of the study. By the end of this period, both cardio-oncology rehabilitation groups showed positive changes in leukocyte telomere length. This increase was statistically significant in the telehealth group (p = 0.008), whereas the in-person group demonstrated only a trend (p = 0.075). Conversely, leukocyte telomere length in the control group showed no significant change (p = 0.579). At the end of the observation period, the mean leukocyte telomere length in the control group was significantly lower than in the in-person group (mean difference: −6.9 relative units; 95% CI: −12.5 to −1.4; p = 0.015) and the telehealth group (mean difference: −5.4 relative units; 95% CI: −10.5 to −0.4; p = 0.035). The mean difference in leukocyte telomere length (Δ) between the telehealth and control groups was −5.3 (95% CI: −10.0 to −0.7; p = 0.025), whereas the difference between the in-person and control groups was −5.6 (95% CI: −11.6 to 0.4; p = 0.066) relative units at the six-month mark. Participation in cardio-oncology rehabilitation programs was statistically significantly associated with a higher likelihood of telomere lengthening by the end of the study in patients treated for breast cancer (OR: 4.694; 95% CI: 1.436 to 15.350; p = 0.011). At baseline, a higher body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m2 ) reduced the likelihood of telomere lengthening (OR: 0.026; 95% CI: 0.002 to 0.433; p = 0.011). Conversely, an increase in cardiorespiratory fitness (Δ VO2 peak &gt; 1.9 mL/kg/min) increased this likelihood (OR: 14.788; 95% CI: 1.125 to 194.473; p = 0.040) among patients in the cardio-oncology rehabilitation programs. Baseline body mass index and ΔVO2 peak were independent predictors of increased leukocyte telomere length.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In female breast cancer survivors, a telehealth cardio-oncology rehabilitation program may be at least as effective as an in-person program regarding its effect on telomere length. The findings demonstrate the potential of using leukocyte telomere length as a marker to evaluate rehabilitation efficacy in this population, necessitating confirmation in larger studies.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>длина теломер лейкоцитов</kwd><kwd>противоопухолевое лечение</kwd><kwd>кардиореабилитация</kwd><kwd>кардиоонкологическая реабилитация</kwd><kwd>дистанционные технологии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>leukocyte telomere length</kwd><kwd>anticancer treatment</kwd><kwd>cardiac rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>cardio-oncology rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>telemedicine</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (регистрационный № научно-исследовательской и опытно-конструкторской работы 121031300223-4)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was conducted under a state assignment from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (research and development project No. 121031300223-4).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenlee H, Iribarren C, Rana JS, Cheng R, Nguyen-Huynh M, Rillamas-Sun E, Shi Z, Laurent CA, Lee VS, Roh JM, Santiago-Torres M, Shen H, Hershman DL, Kushi LH, Neugebauer R, Kwan ML. 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