DIMENSIONAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT WITH MESIAL OCCLUSION COMPLICATED BY DENTITION DEFECTS

Aim. To study the dimensional and topographic characteristics of the temporomandibular joint elements in mesial occlusion, depending on the topography and the extent of dentition defects.

Materials and methods. The materials of the studies were 17 certified human skulls with mesial occlusion of dentition, which were divided into two subgroups, depending on the topography and extent of dentition defects. Craniometric measurements on human skulls were carried out on the main points of Martin, and the anthropometric parameters of the elements of the temporomandibular joint were studied on sagittal incisions of joint blocks.

Results. Dimensional characteristics of the bone elements of the temporomandibular joint in mesial occlusion are approximated to similar sizes of bone elements in the physiological occlusion of the dentition. Statistically significant gender differences (sexual dimorphism) in the anatomical and topographic structure of the temporomandibular joint are absent in the mesial occlusion of the dentition. Mesial occlusion with intact dentition and included dentition defects of short length is characterized by the absence of pronounced structural changes in the elements of the temporomandibular joint. Mesial occlusion complicated by terminal and included dentition defects of considerable length, in comparison with physiological occlusion and mesial occlusion with included dentition defects of small length, is accompanied by topographic and anatomical changes of the constrictive disk and the head of the lower jaw in the mandibular temporal fossa of the temporal bone.

Conclusion. Achievement of an optimal functional and aesthetic result in the treatment of adult patients with gnathic mesial occlusion is possible only with careful diagnosis, compiling a comprehensive treatment plan, taking into account the individual anatomical and topographic features of the dentoalveolar system and the dynamic observation by physicians of related specialties at all stages of treatment.

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